Outer pressure bumps beyond the dust disc: Missing Outer Rings in the exoALMA Sample: Physical Mechanisms Suppressing Dust Ring Formation Despite Strong Pressure Bumps
The exoALMA survey has revealed candidate gas pressure bumps at radii beyond the observed millimetre continuum discs in several protoplanetary systems, raising the question of whether these regions could host undetected dust structures. We investigate this for nine of the exoALMA discs by reconstructing gas surface density profiles from midplane pressure gradient measurements derived from $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO ALMA Band 7 observations. We evolve the dust using DustPy across a grid of turbulence and fragmentation parameters ($α\in \{10^{-4}, 10^{-3}\}$; $v_\mathrm{frag} \in \{1, 10\}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}$), followed by radiative transfer calculations with RADMC-3D to give predictions for the continuum emission. We find that the dominant outcome across the explored parameter space is efficient outer dust trapping, leading to prominent outer continuum rings that should be detectable at ALMA Band 7, in tension with the observations. The $^{13}$CO-based reconstructions almost universally produce detectable outer rings, whereas the $^{12}$CO-based reconstructions show more variation. We further test delayed formation of the outer pressure bump and enhanced outer-disc turbulence as possible suppression mechanisms of ring formation. Enhanced turbulence weakens the predicted outer continuum emission most effectively, although the efficiency of the mechanism depends on the system explored and on where the turbulence transition is placed. Delayed bump formation generally does not prevent rapid outer dust accumulation.