Constrained minimization problems and FFT-based solvers: application to local Dirichlet boundary conditions and contact mechanics
The present paper focuses on a recent and active research axis to overcome the limitations of FFT-based solvers in order to apply various types of boundary conditions (BCs) and not only periodic BCs. A complete framework based on discrete trigonometric transforms (DTTs) of various types, possibly combined with discrete Fourier transform, has been proposed recently to account for any type of BCs defined per face of the unit-cell and per component of the displacement or traction vector. A parallel implementation by Amouzou-Adoun et al. recently proved its robustness and versatility. However, this approach is not able to account for a mix of BCs on a same face (for example Dirichlet BC on a part of a face and Neumann BC on the other part of the same face), neither to prescribe Dirichlet BC to points defined inside the domain, nor to define kinematic relations between displacement on different nodes. Starting from the displacement-based approach together with the use of DTTs, simple modifications are proposed to account for all these questions. The modified solver, first introduced from the viewpoint of discrete local equations, is then discussed from the perspective of constrained minimization with equality constraints and the introduction of Lagrange multipliers. Simulations of a compact tension-like specimen are performed and validated. To go further, the algorithm is then extended from equality constraints to account for inequality constraints to simulate contact mechanics. For the sake of validation, results obtained with a rigid spherical indenter with frictionless contact are compared to the Hertz theory for small ratios (indentation depth/sphere radius). Comparison between small and finite strains demonstrates increasing discrepancies when increasing this ratio. It is believed that the proposed methodology will significantly expand the field of applications of FFT-based solvers.