arXiv subjects

Livia Betz

Publications and source records attributed to Livia Betz.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

A novel way of computing the shape derivative for a class of non-smooth PDEs and its impact on deriving necessary conditions for locally optimal shapes

We derive necessary conditions for locally optimal shapes of a design problem governed by a non-smooth PDE. The main particularity of the state system is the lack of differentiability of the nonlinearity. We work in the framework of the functional variational approach (FVA), which has the capacity to transfer geometric optimization problems into optimal control problems, the set of admissible shapes being parametrized by a large class of continuous mappings. In the FVA setting, we introduce a sensitivity analysis technique that is novel even for smooth PDEs. We emphasize that we do not resort to extensions on the hold-all domain or any kind of approximation of the original PDE. The computation of the directional derivative of the state w.r.t. functional variations results in a new way of computing the shape derivative. The presented approach allows us to handle in the objective pointwise observation and derivatives of the state on an observation set as well as distributed observation terms. In addition, we introduce the concept of locally optimal shapes and we put into evidence its connection to locally minimizers of the corresponding control problem. With directional differentiability results for the control-to-state map at our disposal, we can then state necessary conditions for locally optimal shapes in general non-smooth settings.

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arXiv2025

Sensitivity analysis of a Signorini-type history-dependent variational inequality

We consider a history-dependent variational inequality (P) which models the frictionless contact between a viscoelastic body and a rigid obstacle covered by a layer of soft material. The inequality is expressed in terms of the displacement field, is governed by the data f (related to the applied body forces and surface tractions) and, under appropriate assumptions, it has a unique solution, denoted by u. Our aim in this paper is to perform a sensitivity analysis of the inequality (P), including the study of the regularity of the solution operator $f \mapsto u$. To this end, we start by proving the equivalence of (P) with a fixed point problem, denoted by (Q). We then consider an associated optimal control problem, for which we present an existence result. Then, we prove the directional differentiability of the solution operator and show that the directional derivative is characterized by a history-dependent variational inequality with time-dependent constraints. Finally, we prove two well-posedness results in the study of problems (P) and (Q), respectively, and compare the two well-posedness concepts employed.

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arXiv2025

Existence and uniqueness of solutions to rate independent systems with history variable

This paper investigates rate-independent systems (RIS), where the dissipation functional depends not only on the rate but also on the history of the state. The latter is expressed in terms of an integral operator. We establish an existence result for the original problem and for the control thereof, without resorting to smallness assumptions. Under a smoothness condition, we prove the uniqueness of solutions to a certain class of history-dependent RIS where the subdifferential of the dissipation potential is an unbounded operator. In this context, we derive an essential estimate that opens the door to future research on the topic of optimization.

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arXiv2025

Approximation of shape optimization problems with non-smooth PDE constraints

This paper is concerned with a shape optimization problem governed by a non-smooth PDE, i.e., the nonlinearity in the state equation is not necessarily differentiable. We follow the functional variational approach of [40] where the set of admissible shapes is parametrized by a large class of continuous mappings. This methodology allows for both boundary and topological variations. It has the advantage that one can rewrite the shape optimization problem as a control problem in a function space. To overcome the lack of convexity of the set of admissible controls, we provide an essential density property. This permits us to show that each parametrization associated to the optimal shape is the limit of global optima of non-smooth distributed optimal control problems. The admissible set of the approximating minimization problems is a convex subset of a Hilbert space of functions. Moreover, its structure is such that one can derive strong stationary optimality conditions [6]. The present manuscript provides the basis for the investigations from [5], where necessary conditions in form of an optimality system have been recently established.

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arXiv2025

Optimal control of a non-smooth elliptic PDE with non-linear term acting on the control

This paper continues the investigations from [7] and is concerned with the derivation of first-order conditions for a control constrained optimization problem governed by a non-smooth elliptic PDE. The control enters the state equation not only linearly but also as the argument of a regularization of the Heaviside function. The non-linearity which acts on the state is locally Lipschitz-continuous and not necessarily differentiable, i.e., non-smooth. This excludes the application of standard adjoint calculus. We derive conditions under which a strong stationary optimality system can be established, i.e., a system that is equivalent to the purely primal optimality condition saying that the directional derivative of the reduced objective in feasible directions is nonnegative. For this, two assumptions are made on the unknown optimizer. Some of the presented findings are employed in the recent contribution [8], where limit optimality systems for non-smooth shape optimization problems [7] are established.

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arXiv2024

Necessary conditions for the optimal control of a shape optimization problem with non-smooth PDE constraints

This paper is concerned with the derivation of necessary conditions for the optimal shape of a design problem governed by a non-smooth PDE. The main particularity thereof is the lack of differentiability of the nonlinearity in the state equation, which, at the same time, is solved on an unknown domain. We follow the functional variational approach introduced in [37] where the set of admissible shapes is parametrized by a large class of continuous mappings. It has been recently established [4] that each parametrization associated to an optimal shape is the limit of a sequence of global optima of minimization problems with convex admissible set consisting of functions. Though non-smooth, these problems allow for the derivation of an optimality system equivalent with the first order necessary optimality condition [5]. In the present manuscript we let the approximation parameter vanish therein. The final necessary conditions for the non-smooth shape optimization problem consist of an adjoint equation, a limit gradient equation that features a measure concentrated on the boundary of the optimal shape and, because of the non-smoothness, an inclusion that involves its Clarke subdifferential.

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arXiv2023

Optimality conditions for the control of a rate independent system with history variable

This paper addresses an optimal control problem governed by a rate independent evolution involving an integral operator. Its particular feature is that the dissipation potential depends on the history of the state. Because of the non-smooth nature of the system, the application of standard adjoint calculus is excluded. We derive optimality conditions in qualified form by approximating the original problem by viscous models. Though these problems preserve the non-smoothness, optimality conditions equivalent to the first-order necessary optimality conditions can be provided in the viscous case. Letting the viscous parameter vanish then yields an optimality system for the original control problem. If the optimal state at the end of the process is not smaller than the desired state, the limit optimality conditions are complete.

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arXiv2023

Strong stationarity for the control of viscous history-dependent evolutionary VIs arising in applications

This paper addresses optimal control problems governed by history-dependent EVIs with viscosity. One of the prominent properties of the state system is its non-smooth nature, so that the application of standard adjoint calculus is excluded. We extend the results from [7] by showing that history-dependent EVIs with viscosity can be formulated as non-smooth ODEs in Hilbert space in a general setting. The Hadamard directional differentiability of the solution map is investigated. Based on previous results, this allows us to establish strong stationary conditions for two different viscous damage models with fatigue.

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arXiv2023

Optimal control of a viscous damage model with fatigue

Motivated by fatigue damage models, this paper addresses optimal control problems governed by a non-smooth system featuring two non-differentiable mappings. This consists of a coupling between a doubly non-smooth history-dependent evolution and an elliptic PDE. After proving the directional differentiability of the associated solution mapping, an optimality system which is stronger than the one obtained by classical smoothening procedures is derived. If one of the non-differentiable mappings becomes smooth, the optimality conditions are of strong stationary type, i.e., equivalent to the primal necessary optimality condition.

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arXiv2023

Strong stationarity for optimal control problems with non-smooth integral equation constraints: Application to continuous DNNs

Motivated by the residual type neural networks (ResNet), this paper studies optimal control problems constrained by a non-smooth integral equation. Such non-smooth equations, for instance, arise in the continuous representation of fractional deep neural networks (DNNs). Here the underlying non-differentiable function is the ReLU or max function. The control enters in a nonlinear and multiplicative manner and we additionally impose control constraints. Because of the presence of the non-differentiable mapping, the application of standard adjoint calculus is excluded. We derive strong stationary conditions by relying on the limited differentiability properties of the non-smooth map. While traditional approaches smoothen the non-differentiable function, no such smoothness is retained in our final strong stationarity system. Thus, this work also closes a gap which currently exists in continuous neural networks with ReLU type activation function.

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