arXiv subjects

Liwei Duan

Publications and source records attributed to Liwei Duan.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Quantum phase transitions in the spin-boson model without the counterrotating terms

We study the spin-boson model without the counterrotating terms by a numerically exact method based on variational matrix product states. Surprisingly, the second-order quantum phase transition (QPT) is observed for the sub-Ohmic bath in the rotating-wave approximations. Moreover, first-order QPTs can also appear before the critical points. With the decrease of the bath exponents, these first-order QPTs disappear successively, while the second-order QPT remains robust. The second-order QPT is further confirmed by multi-coherent-states variational studies, while the first-order QPT is corroborated with the exact diagonalization in the truncated Hilbert space. Extension to the Ohmic bath is also performed, and many first-order QPTs appear successively in a wide coupling regime, in contrast to previous findings. The previous pictures for many physical phenomena for the spin-boson model in the rotating-wave approximation have to be modified at least at the strong coupling.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2019

Quantum Rabi-Stark model: Solutions and exotic energy spectra

The quantum Rabi-Stark model, where the linear dipole coupling and the nonlinear Stark-like coupling are present on an equal footing, are studied within the Bogoliubov operators approach. Transcendental functions responsible for the exact solutions are derived in a compact way, much simpler than previous ones obtained in the Bargmann representation. The zeros of transcendental functions reproduce completely the regular spectra. In terms of the explicit pole structure of these functions, two kinds of exceptional eigenvalues are obtained and distinguished in a transparent manner. Very interestingly, a first-order quantum phase transition indicated by level crossing of the ground state and the first excited state is induced by the positive nonlinear Stark-like coupling, which is however absent in any previous isotropic quantum Rabi models. When the absolute value of the nonlinear coupling strength is equal to twice the cavity frequency, this model can be reduced to an effective quantum harmonic oscillator, and solutions are then obtained analytically. The spectra collapse phenomenon is observed at a critical coupling, while below this critical coupling, infinite discrete spectra accumulate into a finite energy from below.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2019

Generalized quantum Rabi model with both one- and two-photon terms: A concise analytical study

A generalized quantum Rabi Hamiltonian with both one- and two-photon terms has emerged in the circuit quantum electrodynamics system for a decade. The usual parity symmetry is broken naturally in the simultaneous presence of both couplings, which complicates analytical treatments, even in the rotating wave approximations. In this paper, we propose an adiabatic approximation to this generic model by using Bogoliubov operators, and obtain a very concise analytical solution for both eigenvalues and eigenstates. Although the adiabatic approximation is only exact in the vanishing limit of the qubit frequency, the results for some physical observables nevertheless agree well with the numerical ones in a wide parameter regime. In the rotating-wave approximations, we also derive an analytical eigensolution. Two dominant Rabi frequencies are found in the Rabi oscillations of this generalized model. We also apply the present analytical theory to the vacuum Rabi splitting. It is found that some new phenomena emerge just because of the presence of the additional two-photon coupling term.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Improved Silbey-Harris polaron ansatz for the spin-boson model

In this paper, the well-known Silbey-Harris (SH) polaron ansatz for the spin-boson model is improved by adding orthogonal displaced Fock states. The obtained results for the ground state in all baths converge very quickly within finite displaced Fock states and corresponding SH results are corrected considerably. Especially for the sub-Ohmic spin-boson model, the converging results are obtained for 0 < s < 1/2 in the fourth-order correction and very accurate critical coupling strengths of the quantum phase transition are achieved. Converging magnetization in the biased spin-boson model is also arrived at. Since the present improved SH ansatz can yield very accurate, even almost exact results, it should have wide applications and extensions in various spin-boson model and related fields.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2016

Two-photon Rabi model: Analytic solutions and spectral collapse

The two-photon quantum Rabi model with quadratic coupling is studied using extended squeezed states and we derive $G$-functions for Bargmann index $q=1/4$ and $3/4$. The simple singularity structure of the $G$-function allows to draw conclusions about the distribution of eigenvalues along the real axis. The previously found picture of the spectral collapse at critical coupling $g_{\mathrm{c}}$ has to be modified regarding the low lying states, especially the ground state: We obtain a finite gap between ground state and the continuum of excited states at the collapse point. For large qubit splitting, also other low lying states may be separated from the continuum at $g_{\mathrm{c}}$. We have carried out a perturbative analysis allowing for explicit and simple formulae of the eigenstates. Interestingly, a vanishing of the gap between ground state and excited continuum at $g_{\mathrm{c}}$ is obtained in each finite order of approximation. This demonstrates cleary the non-pertubative nature of the excitation gap. We corroborate these findings with a variational calculation for the ground state.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Solution of the two-mode quantum Rabi model using extended squeezed states

The two-mode quantum Rabi model with bilinear coupling is studied using extended squeezed states. We derive $G$-functions for each Bargmann index $q$% . They share a common structure with the $G$-function of the one-photon and two-photon quantum Rabi models. The regular spectrum is given by zeros of the $G$-function while the conditions for the presence of doubly degenerate (exceptional) eigenvalues are obtained in closed form through the lifting property. The simple singularity structure of the $G$-function allows to draw conclusions about the distribution of eigenvalues along the real axis and to understand the spectral collapse phenomenon when the coupling reaches a critical value.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Concise analytic solutions to the quantum Rabi model with two arbitrary qubits

Using extended coherent states, an analytical exact study has been carried out for the quantum Rabi model (QRM) with two arbitrary qubits in a very concise way. The $G$-functions with $2 \times 2$ determinants are generally derived. For the same coupling constants, the simplest $G$-function, resembling that in the one-qubit QRM, can be obtained. Zeros of the $G$-function yield the whole regular spectrum. The exceptional eigenvalues, which do not belong to the zeros of the $G$ function, are obtained in the closed form. The Dark states in the case of the same coupling can be detected clearly in a continued-fraction technique. The present concise solution is conceptually clear and practically feasible to the general two-qubit QRM and therefore has many applications.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Exact solvability, non-integrability, and genuine multipartite entanglement dynamics of the Dicke model

In this paper, the finite size Dicke model of arbitrary number of qubits is solved analytically in an unified way within extended coherent states. For the $N=2k$ or $2k-1$ Dicke models ($k$ is an integer), the $G$-function, which is only an energy dependent $k \times k$ determinant, is derived in a transparent manner. The regular spectrum is completely and uniquely given by stable zeros of the $G$-function. The closed-form exceptional eigenvalues are also derived. The level distribution controlled by the pole structure of the $G$-functions suggests non-integrability for $N>1$ model at any finite coupling in the sense of recent criterion in literature. A preliminary application to the exact dynamics of genuine multipartite entanglement in the finite $N$ Dicke model is presented using the obtained exact solutions.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Solutions to the anisotropic quantum Rabi model

In this work, the anisotropic quantum Rabi model with different coupling strengths of the rotating-wave and counter-rotating wave terms is studied by using two kinds of extended coherent states (ECS). By the first kind of ECS, we can derive a so-called $G$-function, by which both the regular and exceptional solutions can be given. The exceptional solution are just corresponding to the crossing points of two energy levels with different parities, so is doubly degenerate. By the second kind of ECS, a general scheme for the eigensolutions is derived analytically in a unified way. The zero-order approximation is just the adiabatic approximation, and the first-order approximation is actually a generalized rotating-wave approximation. The algebraic formulae for the eigensolutions are given explicitly in two approximations. The generalized rotating-wave approximations work well in a wide range of two different coupling strengths and the qubit detunings.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2014

Quantum phase transitions of the spin-boson model within multi-coherent-states

A variational approach based on the multi-coherent-state ansatz with asymmetric parameters is employed to study the ground state of the spin-boson model. Without any artificial approximations except for the finite number of the coherent states, we find the robust Gaussian critical behavior in the whole sub-Ohmic bath regime. The converged critical coupling strength can be estimated with the $1/N$ scaling, where $N $ is the number of the coherent states. It is strongly demonstrated the breakdown of the well-known quantum-to-classical mapping for $1/2<s<1$. In addition, the entanglement entropy displays more steep jump around the critical points for the Ohmic bath than the sub-Ohmic bath.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2014

Quantum criticality of the sub-Ohmic spin-boson model within displaced Fock states

The spin-boson model is analytically studied using displaced Fock states (DFS) without discretization of the continuum bath. In the orthogonal displaced Fock basis, the ground-state wavefunction can be systematically improved in a controllable way. Interestingly, the zeroth-order DFS reproduces exactly the well known Silbey-Harris results. In the framework of the second-order DFS, the magnetization and the entanglement entropy are exactly calculated. It is found that the magnetic critical exponent $β$ is converged to $0.5$ in the whole sub-Ohmic bath regime $0<s<1$, compared with that by the exactly solvable generalized Silbey-Harris ansatz. It is strongly suggested that the system with sub-Ohmic bath is always above its upper critical dimension, in sharp contrast with the previous findings. This is the first evidence of the violation of the quantum-classical Mapping for $% 1/2<s<1$.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2014

Solutions to the quantum Rabi model with two equivalent qubits

Using extended coherent states, an analytically exact study has been carried out for the quantum Rabi model with two equivalent qubits. Compact transcendental functions of one variable have been derived leading to exact solutions. The energy spectrum is clearly identified and analyzed. Also obtained analytically is the necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of isolated exceptional solutions, which are not doubly degenerate as in the one-qubit quantum Rabi model.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2013

Sub-Ohmic spin-boson model with off-diagonal coupling: Ground state properties

We have carried out analytical and numerical studies of the spin-boson model in the sub-ohmic regime with the influence of both the diagonal and off-diagonal coupling accounted for via the Davydov D1 variational ansatz. While a second-order phase transition is known to be exhibited by this model in the presence of diagonal coupling only, we demonstrate the emergence of a discontinuous first order phase transition upon incorporation of the off-diagonal coupling. A plot of the ground state energy versus magnetization highlights the discontinuous nature of the transition between the isotropic (zero magnetization) state and nematic (finite magnetization) phases. We have also calculated the entanglement entropy and a discontinuity found at a critical coupling strength further supports the discontinuous crossover in the spin-boson model in the presence of off-diagonal coupling. It is further revealed via a canonical transformation approach that for the special case of identical exponents for the spectral densities of the diagonal and the off-diagonal coupling, there exists a continuous crossover from a single localized phase to doubly degenerate localized phase with differing magnetizations.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2013

Entanglement dynamics of a two-qubit system coupled individually to Ohmic baths

Developed originally for the Holstein polaron, the Davydov D1 ansatz is an efficient, yet extremely accurate trial state for time-dependent variation of the spin-boson model [J. Chem. Phys. 138, 084111 (2013)]. In this work, the Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variational procedure utilizing the Davydov D1 ansatz is implemented to study entanglement dynamics of two qubits under the influence of two independent baths. The Ohmic spectral density is used without the Born-Markov approximation or the rotating-wave approximation. In the strong coupling regime finite-time disentanglement is always found to exist, while at the intermediate coupling regime, the entanglement dynamics calculated by Davydov D1 ansatz displays oscillatory behavior in addition to entanglement disappearance and revival.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2013

Dynamics of the sub-Ohmic spin-boson model: a time-dependent variational study

The Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variation is employed to probe the dynamics of the zero temperature sub-Ohmic spin-boson model with strong friction utilizing the Davydov D1 ansatz. It is shown that initial conditions of the phonon bath have considerable influence on the dynamics. Counterintuitively, even in the very strong coupling regime, quantum coherence features still manage to survive under the polarized bath initial condition, while such features are absent under the factorized bath initial condition. In addition, a coherent-incoherent transition is found at a critical coupling strength alpha ~ 0.1 for s=0.25 under the factorized bath initial condition. We quantify how faithfully our ansatz follows the Schrödinger equation, finding that the time-dependent variational approach is robust for strong dissipation and deep sub-Ohmic baths (s<<1).

quant-ph↗