Seed-applied biocontrol: towards a new generation of protective strategies
Seeds are fundamental to agricultural productivity but also act as potential vectors for pathogens, leading to substantial losses at seedling emergence. This study focuses on one major arable crop (i.e., Wheat) which is subject to significant biotic stress. The objective is to evaluate the efficacy of biocontrol agents as sustainable alternatives to conventional seed treatments, with the goal of enhancing seed protection and increasing tolerance to biotic threats. Multi-season trials were conducted, integrating physiological, molecular, and metabolic analyses to elucidate the responses of treated seeds across key developmental stages (development, maturation, and germination). The findings indicate that the effectiveness of biocontrol agents is influenced by both the genotype and physiological stage of the seeds. Biocontrol treatments were shown to induce specific defence mechanisms and reduce pathogen pressure. This research study will pave the way to develop robust assessment tools for evaluating the performance of biocontrol strategies and to optimise their deployment in seed protection frameworks.