arXiv subjects

Lorenzo Italiano

Publications and source records attributed to Lorenzo Italiano.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Highway Readiness Assessment for SAE Levels of Automation and V2X Notification

While highway automation is advancing rapidly, road operators still lack practical methods to assess the readiness of their infrastructures for supporting automated driving systems. This work proposes a quantitative Highway Readiness Index (HRI) that maps static Operational Design Domain (ODD) infrastructure conditions into measurable attributes and weights them through an expert survey to evaluate readiness across Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) automation levels. A real corridor case study shows how HRI scores can be computed, interpreted, and used to identify infrastructure gaps that limit higher automation. Finally, we outline how these indicators can be integrated into a standardized Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS) message, i.e., Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Information Message (IVIM), to communicate segment-level automation guidance to connected vehicles.

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arXiv2026

From Pilot to Precoding Design: Blind Angular Spoofing For Location Privacy in MIMO Systems

This paper studies location privacy in uplink MIMO systems, where a user equipment seeks to spoof the angular signature observed by a single base station performing localization. We propose a blind analog precoder design that manipulates the perceived angle-of-arrival and angle-of-departure configuration without requiring channel-gain knowledge. The method enforces consistency between the received signal and a desired spoofed angular subspace, and is solved using an alternating optimization algorithm under practical amplitude constraints. Simulations in a multipath scenario show that the proposed approach achieves near-perfect angular spoofing and clearly outperforms pilot-only blind spoofing, which exhibits an error floor. The results also show a trade-off between spoofing accuracy and communication rate, depending on the chosen virtual geometry.

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arXiv2026

Towards 6G Single-Anchor Vehicle Localization Exploiting Radio-Reflective Road Markings in Tunnel Environments

Accurate vehicular localization remains a key challenge for cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS), especially in areas without global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coverage, such as road tunnels. This paper proposes a novel vehicle positioning method with a single anchor equipped with multiple antennas, exploiting near-field (NF) propagation and passive radio-reflective structures deployed along the GNSS-denied tunnel. The method assumes a wideband vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication between the vehicle and the anchor, in line with the undergoing standardization of cellular V2X beyond 5G. We first derive the validity condition that allows us to approximate the multipath channel with a single reflector point, defining a geometry validity bound on the number of antennas that can be employed. Building on this result, we propose JAVELIN, a 6G-compatible single-anchor localization framework that leverages tensor-based NF parameter estimation, adaptive NF/far-field (FF) processing, and recursive Bayesian tracking to enable sub-meter positioning without multi-anchor synchronization. The method integrates angle, delay difference, and curvature measurements into a variable-dimension extended Kalman filter with gated nearest-neighbor association, enabling operation without prior environmental knowledge. Radio-reflective road markings are further introduced to enhance geometric diversity. Simulation results in realistic tunnel scenarios demonstrate accurate and robust localization under different conditions, outperforming state-of-the-art single-anchor approaches and benefiting from passive reflector deployment

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arXiv2025

HoloTrace: a Location Privacy-Preserving Framework for mmWave MIMO-OFDM Systems

The technological innovation towards 6G cellular networks introduces unprecedented capabilities for user equipment (UE) localization, but it also raises serious concerns about physical layer location privacy. This paper introduces HoloTrace, a signal-level privacy preservation framework that relies on user-side spoofing of localization-relevant features to prevent the extraction of precise location information from the signals received by a base station (BS) in a mmWave MIMO-OFDM system. Spoofing is performed by the user on location parameters such as angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), and time difference of arrival (TDoA). Without requiring any protocol modification nor network-side support, our method strategically perturbs pilot transmissions to prevent a BS from performing non-consensual UE localization. The methodology allows the UE to spoof its position, keeping the precoder unchanged. We formulate spoofing as a unified rank-constrained projection problem, and provide closed-form solutions under varying levels of channel state information (CSI) at the UE, including scenarios with and without CSI knowledge. Simulation results confirm that the proposed approach enables the UE to deceive the BS, inducing significant localization errors, while the impact on link capacity varies depending on the spoofed position. Our findings establish HoloTrace as a practical and robust privacy-preserving solution for future 6G networks.

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arXiv2024

A Tutorial on 5G Positioning

The widespread adoption of the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks has brought new opportunities for the development of localization-based services. High-accuracy positioning use cases and functionalities defined by the standards are drawing the interest of vertical industries. In the transition towards the deployment, this paper aims to provide an in-depth tutorial on 5G positioning, summarizing the evolutionary path that led to the standardization of cellular-based positioning, describing the localization elements in current and forthcoming releases of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard, and the major research trends. By providing fundamental notions on wireless localization, comprehensive definitions of measurements and architectures, examples of algorithms, and details on simulation approaches, this paper is intended to represent an exhaustive guide for researchers and practitioners. Our approach aims to merge practical aspects of enabled use cases and related requirements with theoretical methodologies and fundamental bounds, allowing to understand the trade-off between system complexity and achievable, i.e., tangible, benefits of 5G positioning services. We analyze the performance of 3GPP Rel-16 positioning by standard-compliant simulations in realistic outdoor and indoor propagation environments, investigating the impact of the system configuration and the limitations to be resolved for delivering accurate positioning solutions.

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arXiv2022

DeepThought: a Reputation and Voting-based Blockchain Oracle

Thanks to built-in immutability and persistence, the blockchain is often seen as a promising technology to certify information. However, when the information does not originate from the blockchain itself, its correctness cannot be taken for granted. To address this limitation, blockchain oracles -- services that validate external information before storing it in a blockchain -- were introduced. In particular, when the validation cannot be automated, oracles rely on humans that collaboratively cross-check external information. In this paper, we present DeepThought, a distributed human-based oracle that combines voting and reputation schemes. An empirical evaluation compares DeepThought with a state-of-the-art solution and shows that our approach achieves greater resistance to voters corruptions in different configurations.

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