Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Trajectory Tracking of Differentially Flat Fixed-Wing Aerial Systems
Planning and control of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are challenging due to nonlinear dynamics, aerodynamic limits, and environmental disturbances. Differential flatness offers a principled way to generate fast, feasible trajectories, but its use has largely been confined to model-free controllers, which lack predictive capabilities and demand tuning. In this paper, we propose a unified framework that integrates differential flatness-based trajectory generation with Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC), combining computationally efficient planning with predictive, constraint-aware control. To further improve robustness, we introduce a wind-aware sampling strategy embedded within the NMPC framework, enabling the generation of dynamically feasible reference trajectories that proactively account for wind disturbances while strictly enforcing aerodynamic and control input constraints. We validate the proposed framework through extensive simulations and real-world flight experiments, demonstrating improved tracking accuracy and robustness for complex trajectories, particularly when using the proposed wind-aware sampling strategy under strong wind conditions.