Lukas Lürzer | Searcharxiv

arXiv2026

Reconstructing OPC UA Address Spaces from Time-Series Databases

OPC UA has become the dominant open protocol in operational technology. Time-series databases routinely archive OPC UA telemetry but discard the semantic metadata (node hierarchy, engineering units, and type definitions) which gives sensor values their meaning. Recovering this information from a time-series database is non-trivial: namespace indices recorded at the source are session-local and unstable across restarts, and naive merging across multiple source servers results in identifier collisions. We present opcua-ts, an implemented architecture that persists this semantic information alongside its telemetry in a general-purpose time-series database under a lifecycle-stable join key, and that reconstructs the source address space as a live OPC UA endpoint. We characterize the conditions under which the reconstruction is sound across multi-source deployments and validate the approach with a NodeSet2 XML round-trip against the source server. Initial results from a boiler-simulator round-trip indicate that the approach is feasible.

cs.DB↗

arXiv2025

Embedding the MLOps Lifecycle into OT Reference Models

Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) practices are increas- ingly adopted in industrial settings, yet their integration with Opera- tional Technology (OT) systems presents significant challenges. This pa- per analyzes the fundamental obstacles in combining MLOps with OT en- vironments and proposes a systematic approach to embed MLOps prac- tices into established OT reference models. We evaluate the suitability of the Reference Architectural Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and the International Society of Automation Standard 95 (ISA-95) for MLOps integration and present a detailed mapping of MLOps lifecycle compo- nents to RAMI 4.0 exemplified by a real-world use case. Our findings demonstrate that while standard MLOps practices cannot be directly transplanted to OT environments, structured adaptation using existing reference models can provide a pathway for successful integration.

cs.LG↗