arXiv subjects

Lutz Wisotzki

Publications and source records attributed to Lutz Wisotzki.

136 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

arXiv2004

Nearly 5000 Distant Early-Type Galaxies in COMBO-17: a Red Sequence and its Evolution since z~1

We present the rest-frame colors and luminosities of ~25000 m_R<24 galaxies in the redshift range 0.2<z<1.1, drawn from 0.78 square degrees of the COMBO-17 survey. We find that the rest-frame color distribution of these galaxies is bimodal at all redshifts out to z~1. This bimodality permits a model-independent definition of red, early-type galaxies and blue, late-type galaxies at any given redshift. The colors of the blue peak become redder towards the present day, and the number density of blue luminous galaxies has dropped strongly since z~1. Focusing on the red galaxies, we find that they populate a color-magnitude relation. Such red sequences have been identified in galaxy cluster environments, but our data show that such a sequence exists over this redshift range even when averaging over all environments. The mean color of the red galaxy sequence evolves with redshift in a way that is consistent with the aging of an ancient stellar population. The rest-frame B-band luminosity density in red galaxies evolves only mildly with redshift in a Lambda-dominated cold dark matter universe. Accounting for the change in stellar mass-to-light ratio implied by the redshift evolution in red galaxy colors, the COMBO-17 data indicate an increase in stellar mass on the red sequence by a factor of two since z~1. The largest source of uncertainty is large-scale structure, implying that considerably larger surveys are necessary to further refine this result. We explore mechanisms that may drive this evolution in the red galaxy population, finding that both galaxy merging and truncation of star formation in some fraction of the blue, star-forming population are required to fully explain the properties of these galaxies.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

GEMS: Galaxy Evolution from Morphologies and SEDs

GEMS, Galaxy Evolution from Morphologies and SEDs, is a large-area (800 arcmin2) two-color (F606W and F850LP) imaging survey with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on HST. Centered on the Chandra Deep Field South, it covers an area of ~28'x28', or about 120 Hubble Deep Field areas, to a depth of m_AB(F606W)=28.3 (5sigma and m_AB(F850LP)=27.1 (5sigma) for compact sources. In its central ~1/4, GEMS incorporates ACS imaging from the GOODS project. Focusing on the redshift range 0.2<=z<=1.1, GEMS provides morphologies and structural parameters for nearly 10,000 galaxies where redshift estimates, luminosities and SEDs exist from COMBO-17. At the same time, GEMS contains detectable host galaxy images for several hundred faint AGN. This paper provides an overview of the science goals, the experiment design, the data reduction and the science analysis plan for GEMS.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

GEMS Imaging of Red Sequence Galaxies at z~0.7: Dusty or Old?

We have used the 30'x30' Hubble Space Telescope image mosaic from the Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and SEDs (GEMS) project in conjunction with the COMBO-17 deep photometric redshift survey to define a sample of nearly 1500 galaxies with 0.65 < z < 0.75. With this sample, we can study the distribution of rest-frame V-band morphologies more than 6 Gyr ago, without differential bandpass shifting and surface brightness dimming across this narrow redshift slice. Focusing on red-sequence galaxies at z ~ 0.7, we find that 85% of their combined rest-frame V-band luminosity density comes from visually-classified E/S0/Sa galaxies (at V-band magnitudes brighter than -19.5). Similar results are obtained if automated classifiers are used. This fraction is identical to that found at the present day, and is biased by less than 10% by large scale structure and the morphology-density relation. Under the assumption that peculiar and edge-on disk galaxies are red by virtue of their dust content, we find that less than 13% of the total rest-frame V-band luminosity of the z ~ 0.7 red galaxy population is from dusty galaxies.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

HE 0435-1223: a wide separation quadruple QSO and gravitational lens

We report the discovery of a new gravitationally lensed QSO, at a redshift z = 1.689, with four QSO components in a cross-shaped arrangement around a bright galaxy. The maximum separation between images is 2.6 arcsec, enabling a reliable decomposition of the system. Three of the QSO components have g = 19.6, while component A is about 0.6 mag brighter. The four components have nearly identical colours, suggesting little if any dust extinction in the foreground galaxy. The lensing galaxy is prominent in the i band, weaker in r and not detected in g. Its spatial profile is that of an elliptical galaxy with a scale length of $\sim$ 12 kpc. Combining the measured colours and a mass model for the lens, we estimate a most likely redshift range of 0.3 < z < 0.4. Predicted time delays between the components are $\la$ 10 days. The QSO shows evidence for variability, with total g band magnitudes of 17.89 and 17.71 for two epochs separated by $\sim 2$ months. However, the relative fluxes of the components did not change, indicating that the variations are intrinsic to the QSO rather than induced by microlensing.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

Statistical methods of automatic spectral classification and their application to the Hamburg/ESO Survey

We employ classical statistical methods of multivariate classification for the exploitation of the stellar content of the Hamburg/ESO objective prism survey (HES). In a simulation study we investigate the precision of a three-dimensional classification (Teff, log g, [Fe/H]) achievable in the HES for stars in the effective temperature range 5200 10 (typically corresponding to B_J<16.5). The accuracies in log g and [Fe/H] are better than 0.68dex in the same S/N range. These precisions allow for a very efficient selection of metal-poor stars in the HES. We present a minimum cost rule for compilation of complete samples of objects of a given class, and a rejection rule for identification of corrupted or peculiar spectra. The algorithms we present are being used for the identification of other interesting objects in the HES data base as well, and they are applicable to other existing and future large data sets, such as those to be compiled by the DIVA and GAIA missions.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2000

A Close Separation Double Quasar Lensed by a Gas-Rich Galaxy

In the course of a Cycle 8 snapshot survey, we have discovered that the z=1.565 quasar HE 0512-3329 is a double with image separation 0.644", almost certainly due to gravitational lensing. The two components differ in brightness by only 0.4 magnitudes and a high signal-to-noise ground-based composite optical spectrum shows no trace of any stellar features at zero redshift, essentially ruling out the possibility that one of the two components is an ordinary Galactic star. The optical spectrum shows strong absorption features of MgII, MgI, FeII, FeI, and CaI, all at an identical intervening redshift of z=0.9313, probably due to the lensing object. The strength of the MgII and the presence of the other low ionization absorption features is strong evidence for a damped Lyman alpha system, likely the disk of a spiral galaxy. Point spread function fitting to remove the two quasar components from the STIS image leads to a tentative detection of a third object which may be the nucleus of the lensing galaxy. The brighter component is significantly redder than the fainter, due to either differential extinction or microlensing.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1999

The bright end of the QSO luminosity function

We have analysed the optical luminosity-redshift distribution properties of bright QSOs, using a new large sample from the Hamburg/ESO survey. The sample provides insight into the hitherto poorly sampled bright tail of the luminosity function, allowing to monitor its evolution with redshift up to $z\approx 3$. The slope increases significantly towards higher $z$, inconsistent with the predictions of pure luminosity evolution, but also with other recently proposed parameterisations. This phenomenon is opposite to what would be expected from gravitational lensing, showing that magnification bias does not significantly distort the QSO luminosity function within the redshift range covered. The space density of high-luminosity QSOs continues to increase up to the high-redshift limit of the survey, without indication of reduced evolution above $z\simeq 2$. The sample also permits an improved estimate of the local ($z\approx 0$) luminosity function of QSOs and bright Seyfert~1 nuclei, over the luminosity range $-27\la M_{B_J}\la -20$. No evidence for a break or change of slope is found down to absolute magnitudes $M_{B_J}\simeq-20$.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

First estimate of the time delay in HE 1104-1805

We present first results from five years of spectrophotometric monitoring of the bright double QSO and gravitational lens HE 1104-1805. The quasar has varied considerably over this time, while the emission line fluxes appear to have remained constant. We have constructed monochromatic continuum light curves for components A and B, finding that B leads the variability. A quantitative analysis with the Pelt method gives a best estimate for the light travel time delay of about 0.73 years, although a value as low as 0.3 cannot yet be excluded. We discuss possible models for the QSO-lens configuration and use our measured time delay to predict the redshift of the lens, z_d. Finding that most likely z_d < 1, we can rule out the hitherto favoured values of z_d = 1.32 or 1.66. A new candidate is an absorption system at z=0.73, but the lens could also be an elliptical not detected in absorption.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

An Automated Search for Metal-Poor Halo Stars in the Hamburg/ESO Objective-Prism Survey

An automated search for metal-poor stars is carried out in the course of the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey (HES), which covers the full southern sky at Galactic latitudes |b| \gtrsim 30 degrees. As the HES reaches approx. 1 magnitude deeper and covers areas of the sky which have not been touched by the HK Survey of Beers and collaborators, the total survey volume of the HES represents an increase by a factor of 4.5 compared to the HK Survey. Because of the limited availability of telescope time for spectroscopic follow-up observations, we will focus on a search for the most metal-poor, unevolved stars. We present a simulation study of the HES selection function P(B_J, T_eff, [Fe/H], log g) for metal-poor stars, and results from a first follow-up campaign at the ESO-NTT.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

Detection of the lensing galaxy in HE 2149-2745

We have obtained new BVR-band images of the gravitationally lensed QSO pair HE 2149-2745 A,B (QSO redshift z=2.033; angular separation theta_AB=1.71 arcsec), under 1 arcsec seeing conditions. Subtraction of a scaled point-spread-function reveals an extended object of angular size comparable to theta_AB, and R magnitude of 20.4 lying between and equidistant to the QSOs. The geometry of the system leads us to interpret this object as the lensing agent responsible for the double QSO images. A fit to the galaxy surface brightness profile indicates an elliptical galaxy, which is further supported by the absence of Mg II in absorption. The lensing galaxy is not detected in B and V. We discuss possible lens models for this geometry constrained by our observations and consequences for the mass and redshift of the lens.

astro-ph↗