Global solutions of compressible Navier-Stokes equations with small viscosity
In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for the compressible Navier-Stokes system in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Suppose that the viscosity coefficients satisfy $0<\max\{\mu, \nu=\lambda+2\mu\}<1$, and set $\varepsilon=\min\{\mu, \nu=\lambda+2\mu\}$. We establish the global existence of classical solutions when the initial perturbations of the density and the curl-free part of the velocity are smaller than $\varepsilon^{\frac12+}$ (up to a logarithmic loss), while the divergence part of the initial velocity is smaller than $\varepsilon$. This improves the classical global existence result of Matsumura-Nishida \cite{MaN80}, which requires all the initial data to be smaller than $\varepsilon (<1)$. We expect that this result is representative of general Shizuta-Kawashima systems arising in physical applications. The improvement of the index from $1$ to $\frac12+$ relies on exploiting the hidden Kawashima-type dissipation for the density and controlling the spacetime trace norm of the solution at the scale $\sqrt{\varepsilon}$. These two ingredients are obtained through a weighted trace inequality and a Morawetz-type inequality for the perturbed sound speed and the divergence of the velocity.