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Máximo Bañados

Publications and source records attributed to Máximo Bañados.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Exact solution of two-dimensional Palatini Gauss-Bonnet theory on a strip

We analyze the two-dimensional Palatini Gauss-Bonnet theory on an infinite strip (product of a finite interval with the infinite line, corresponding to ``time"). The theory has only boundary degrees of freedom. Its phase space is the cotangent bundle to the group manifold of $SL(2,\mathbf{R})$, subject to a (first-class) constraint quadratic in the momenta. With the simplest choice of boundary Hamiltonian, namely $H = 0$, the theory is shown to describe geodesics on the group manifold of $SL(2,\mathbf{R})$, with a ``mass" determined by the Palatini Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant. Other choices of boundary Hamiltonians compatible with gauge invariance are also possible. The symmetry group contains (left and right) group translations on $SL(2,\mathbf{R})$. These are ``boundary symmetries" from the bulk point of view, one copy acting on one end of the interval, the other copy acting on the other end. Comments on the quantum theory are also given.

hep-th↗

Spherical symmetric fields on torsion-free Palatini Gauss-Bonnet theory

The Gauss-Bonnet density `a la Palatini' is not a total derivative in four dimensions. We study spherically symmetric fields for the torsion-free theory. The resulting equations are highly complicated but we show the existence of unexpected hidden gauge symmetries, beyond diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations.

gr-qc↗

An exact five dimensional Weyl-Geometry Gauss-Bonnet Black Hole

We present a new exact black hole solution of a 5-dimensional Weyl-geometry Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity. The Euclidean sector defines a fully regular metric coupled to the Weyl vector field. The Euclidean action and entropy are computed, with the latter following the simple $A/4$ form plus a term linear in the horizon radius, characteristic of Gauss-Bonnet couplings.

gr-qc↗

Gauging the scale invariance of Einstein equations: Weyl invariant equations for gravity

We derive a Weyl invariant equation for Gravity by gauging the global Weyl invariance of vacuum Einstein equations. The equation is linear in the curvature and a natural generalization of Einstein equations to Weyl geometry. The system has 5 physical polarizations, two tensor modes, two vectors modes and one scalar, associated to the cosmological constant. An exact black hole solution is found. We study the dynamics on Friedman backgrounds and the evolution of cosmological perturbations. It is shown that cosmological vector modes do not decay in this model.

gr-qc↗

Chiral Gravitational Waves in Palatini Chern-Simons

We study the parity-breaking higher-curvature gravity theory of Chern-Simons (CS), using the Palatini formulation in which the metric and connection are taken to be independent fields. We first show that Palatini CS gravity leads to first-order derivative equations of motion and thus avoid the typical instabilities of CS gravity in the metric formalism. As an initial application, we analyze the cosmological propagation of gravitational waves (GWs) in Palatini CS gravity. We show that, due to parity breaking, the polarizations of GWs suffer two effects during propagation: amplitude birefringence (which changes the polarization ellipticity) and velocity birefringence (which rotates the polarization plane). While amplitude birefringence is known to be present in CS gravity in the metric formalism, velocity birefringence is not present in metric CS gravity, but now appears in Palatini CS due to the fact that left-handed and right-handed GW polarizations have a different dispersion relation. In the approximation of small deviations from General Relativity (GR), we do find however that velocity birefringence appears at least quadratically in the CS coupling parameter $α$, while amplitude birefringence appears linearly in $α$. This means that amplitude birefringence will be the most relevant effect in Palatini CS and hence this model will behave similarly to metric CS. We confirm this by applying current constraints on amplitude and velocity birefringence to Palatini CS, and showing that those from amplitude birefringence give the tightest bounds.

gr-qc↗

Bulk renormalization and the AdS/CFT correspondence

We develop a systematic renormalization procedure for QFT in anti-de Sitter spacetime. UV infinities are regulated using a geodesic point-splitting method, which respects AdS isometries, while IR infinities are regulated by cutting off the radial direction (as in holographic renormalization). The renormalized theory is defined by introducing $Z$ factors for all parameters in the Lagrangian and the boundary conditions of bulk fields (sources of dual operators), and a boundary counterterm action, $S_{\rm ct}$, such that the limit of removing the UV and IR regulators exists. The results are in general scheme dependent (mirroring the analogous result in flat space) and require renormalization conditions. These may be provided by the dual CFT (or by string theory in AdS). Our analysis amounts also to a first principles derivation of the Feynman rules regarding Witten diagrams. The presence and treatment of IR divergences is essential for correctly accounting for anomalous dimensions of dual operators. We apply the method to scalar $Φ^4$ theory and obtain the renormalized 2-point function of the dual operator to 2-loops, and the renormalized 4-point function to 1-loop order, for operators of any dimension $Δ$ and bulk spacetime dimension up to $d+1=7$.

hep-th↗

A note on the uniqueness of the dRGT massive gravity theory

We revisit the problem of gravity coupled to a background metric $η_{μν}$, looking for ghost free interactions. It is known that elimination of the Boulware-Desewr ghost is equivalent to a certain Hessian condition on the interacting potential. We elaborate on this equation and provide a proof that dRGT potential is the unique interaction between the spacetime metric and a background field $η_{μν}$ which is both Lorentz invariant and ghost free. Our approach is fully non-perturbative using only the ADM formulation of general relativity.

gr-qc↗

A short review on Noether's theorems, gauge symmetries and boundary terms

This review is dedicated to some modern applications of the remarkable paper written in 1918 by E. Noether. On a single paper, Noether discovered the crucial relation between symmetries and conserved charges as well as the impact of gauge symmetries on the equations of motion. Almost a century has gone since the publication of this work and its applications have permeated modern physics. Our focus will be on some examples that have appeared recently in the literature. This review is aim at students, not researchers. The main three topics discussed are (i) global symmetries and conserved charges (ii) local symmetries and gauge structure of a theory (iii) boundary conditions and algebra of asymptotic symmetries. All three topics are discussed through examples.

hep-th↗

Phases of higher spin black holes: Hawking-Page, transitions between black holes and a critical point

We study the thermodynamic phase diagram of three-dimensional $sl(N;\mathbb{R})$ higher spin black holes. By analyzing the semi-classical partition function we uncover a rich structure that includes Hawking-Page transitions to the AdS$_3$ vacuum, first order phase transitions among black hole states, and a second order critical point. Our analysis is explicit for $N=4$ but we extrapolate some of our conclusions to arbitrary $N$. In particular, we argue that even $N$ is stable in the ensemble under consideration but odd $N$ is not.

hep-th↗

Extremal Higher Spin Black Holes

The gauge sector of three-dimensional higher spin gravities can be formulated as a Chern-Simons theory. In this context, a higher spin black hole corresponds to a flat connection with suitable holonomy (smoothness) conditions which are consistent with the properties of a generalized thermal ensemble. Building on these ideas, we discuss a definition of black hole extremality which is appropriate to the topological character of 3d higher spin theories. Our definition can be phrased in terms of the Jordan class of the holonomy around a non-contractible (angular) cycle, and we show that it is compatible with the zero-temperature limit of smooth black hole solutions. While this notion of extremality does not require supersymmetry, we exemplify its consequences in the context of sl(3|2) + sl(3|2) Chern-Simons theory and show that, as usual, not all extremal solutions preserve supersymmetries. Remarkably, we find in addition that the higher spin setup allows for non-extremal supersymmetric black hole solutions. Furthermore, we discuss our results from the perspective of the holographic duality between sl(3|2) + sl(3|2) Chern-Simons theory and two-dimensional CFTs with W_{(3|2)} symmetry, the simplest higher spin extension of the N=2 super-Virasoro algebra. In particular, we compute W_{(3|2)} BPS bounds at the full quantum level, and relate their semiclassical limit to extremal black hole or conical defect solutions in the 3d bulk. Along the way, we discuss the role of the spectral flow automorphism and provide a conjecture for the form of the semiclassical BPS bounds in general N=2 two-dimensional CFTs with extended symmetry algebras.

hep-th↗

Can Schwarzschild Black Holes Be Accelerators of Spinning Massive Particles?

It is known that the center-of-mass energy of the collision of two massive particles following geodesics around a black hole presents a maximum. The maximum energy increases when the black hole is endowed with spin, and for a maximally rotating hole this energy blows up, offering, in principle, a unique probe of fundamental physics. This work extends the latter studies by considering that the colliding particles possess intrinsic angular momentum (spin), described by the Hanson-Regge-Hojman theory of spinning particles. By analyzing planar trajectories of spinning particles around non-rotating black holes, a significant increase of the invariant collision energy is found. Radial turning points, causality constraints, and limitations of the theory are discussed.

gr-qc↗

Noether Identities and Gauge-Fixing the Action for Cosmological Perturbations

We propose and develop a general algorithm for finding the action for cosmological perturbations which rivals the conventional, gauge-invariant approach and can be applied to theories with more than one metric. We then apply it to a particular case of bigravity, focusing on the Eddington- inspired Born-Infeld theory, and show that we can obtain a nearly scale-invariant power spectrum for both scalar and tensor primordial quantum perturbations. Unfortunately, in the case of the minimal Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld theory, we find that the tensor-to-scalar ratio of perturbations is unacceptably large. We discuss the applicability of our general method and the possibility of resurrecting the specific theory we have looked at.

gr-qc↗

The Boulware-Deser mode in Zwei-Dreibein gravity

Massive gravity in three dimensions accepts several different formulations. Recently, the 3-dimensional bigravity dRGT model in first order form, Zwei-Dreibein gravity, was considered by Bergshoeff {\it et al.} and it was argued that the Boulware-Deser mode is killed by extra constraints. We revisit this assertion and conclude that there are sectors on the space of initial conditions, or subsets of the most general such model, where this mode is absent. But, generically, the theory does carry 3 degrees of freedom and thus the Boulware-Deser mode is still active. Our results also sheds light on the equivalence between metric and vierbein formulations of dRGT model.

hep-th↗

A short note on gravity with tensor auxiliary fields

We consider gravity coupled to a second metric in the strong coupling limit, where the second kinetic term is absent. This system belongs to the recently discussed class of models of "gravity with auxiliary fields" by Pani et al. We prove that, in vacuum, these theories are always equivalent to GR with a cosmological constant, even in the case where the auxiliary field equations contain identities leaving undetermined functions. In the situation where some functions are undetermined, the actual value of the cosmological constant is dictated by an initial condition, and not by the parameters in the action.

hep-th↗

A note on the Cardy formula and black holes in 3d (massive) bigravity

We report full agreement between the Bekenstein-Hawking semiclassical entropy and Cardy's formula for black holes in 3d (massive) bigravity. Since this theory does have local bulk local excitations (a massive graviton) and black holes are not locally AdS this example provides a non-trivial test of the robustness of the Cardy formula.

gr-qc↗

The bigravity black hole and its thermodynamics

We argue that the Isham-Storey exact solution to bigravity does not describe black holes because the horizon is a singular surface. However, this is not a generic property of bigravity, but a property of a particular potential. More general potentials do accept regular black holes. For regular black holes, we compute the total energy and thermodynamical parameters. Phase transitions occur for certain critical temperatures. We also find a novel region on phase space describing up to 4 allowed states for a given temperature.

gr-qc↗

The Parameterised Post-Newtonian Limit of Bimetric Theories of Gravity

We consider the post-Newtonian limit of a general class of bimetric theories of gravity, in which both metrics are dynamical. The established parameterised post-Newtonian approach is followed as closely as possible, although new potentials are found that do not exist within the standard frame-work. It is found that these theories can evade solar system tests of post-Newtonian gravity remarkably well. We show that perturbations about Minkowski space in these theories contain both massless and massive degrees of freedom, and that in general there are two different types of massive mode, each with a different mass parameter. If both of these masses are sufficiently large then the predictions of the most general class of theories we consider are indistinguishable from those of general relativity, up to post-Newtonian order in a weak field, low velocity expansion. In the limit that the massive modes become massless, we find that these general theories do not exhibit a van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov-like discontinuity in their gamma parameter, although there are discontinuities in other post-Newtonian parameters as the massless limit is approached. This smooth behaviour in gamma is due to the discontinuities from each of the two different massive modes cancelling each other out. Such cancellations cannot occur in special cases with only one massive mode, such as the Isham-Salam-Strathdee theory.

gr-qc↗

Emergent Flux from Particle Collisions Near a Kerr Black Hole

The escape fraction at infinity is evaluated for massless particles produced in collisions of weakly interacting particles accreted into a density spike near the particle horizon of an extremal Kerr black hole, for the case of equatorial orbits. We compare with the Schwarzschild case, and argue that in the case of extremal black holes, redshifted signatures can be produced that could potentially explore the physics of particle collisions at centre of mass energies that extend beyond those of any feasible terrestrial accelerator.

astro-ph.CO↗