arXiv subjects

M. B. Bell

Publications and source records attributed to M. B. Bell.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2003

Intrinsic Redshifts in QSOs Near NGC 6212

The high number of QSOs around NGC 6212 allows a correlation analysis to be carried out between their redshift distribution and the redshift distributions predicted by intrinsic redshift models. We find no correlation between the QSO redshift distribution and the intrinsic redshifts predicted by Karlsson's log(1+z) = 0.089 relation. However, we find that the QSO redshift distribution is correlated with the intrinsic redshifts predicted by the relation z_{iQ} = 0.62[N-0.1M_{N}], for N = 3. We also find evidence that the observed redshifts of the QSOs contain a small cosmological redshift component similar to that of NGC 6212. The same correlation analysis carried out on the distribution of 574 quasar redshifts discussed by Karlsson also gave a negative result for the log(1+z)= 0.089 relation, and a positive result for the z_{iQ} intrinsic redshifts.

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arXiv2003

Further Evidence for Quantized Intrinsic Redshifts in Galaxies: Is the Great Attractor a Myth?

Evidence was presented recently suggesting that the Fundamental Plane (FP) clusters studied in the Hubble Key Project may contain quantized intrinsic redshift components that are related to those reported by Tifft. Here we report the results of a similar analysis using 55 spiral (Sc and Sb) galaxies, and 36 Type Ia supernovae (SnIa) galaxies. We find that even when many more objects are included in the sample there is still clear evidence that the same quantized intrinsic redshifts are present and superimposed on the Hubble flow. We find Hubble constants of Ho = 60.0 and 57.5 km s^(-1) Mpc^(-1) for the Sc and Sb galaxies respectively. For the SnIa galaxies we find Ho = 58. These values are considerably lower than the value of Ho = 72 reported by the Hubble Key Project, but are good in agreement with the value Ho = 60 found for intermediate redshifts using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. Evidence is also presented that suggests that the presence of unaccounted for intrinsic redshifts may have led us incorrectly to the conclusion that a "great attractor" is needed to explain the velocity data. The 91 galaxies examined here also offer new, independent confirmations of the importance of the redshift increment zf = 0.62.

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arXiv2003

Intrinsic Redshifts and the Hubble Constant

We show that the V_CMB velocities of the Fundamental Plane (FP) clusters studied in the Hubble Key Project appear to contain the same discrete "velocities" found previously by us and by Tifft to be present in normal galaxies. Although there is a particular Hubble constant associated with our findings we make no claim that its accuracy is better than that found by the Hubble Key Project. We do conclude, however, that if intrinsic redshifts are present and are not taken into account, the Hubble constant obtained will be too high.

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arXiv2002

Discrete Intrinsic Redshifts from Quasars to Normal Galaxies

It is pointed out that the discrete velocities found by Tifft in galaxies are harmonically related to the discrete intrinsic redshifts found in quasars. All are harmonically related to the constant 0.062 +/- 0.001, and this is the fourth independent analysis in which the redshift increment 0.062 has been shown to be significant. It is concluded that there is a quantized component in the redshift of both quasars and galaxies that has a common origin and is unlikely to be Doppler-related.

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arXiv2002

Evidence that an Intrinsic Redshift Component that is a Harmonic of z = 0.062 May be Present in Every Quasar Redshift

After estimating and removing all ejection-related Doppler components from the redshifts of the QSOs near NGC 1068, the remaining redshift is assumed to be intrinsic. This well-studied case is the first example in which it has finally been possible to separate the intrinsic redshift component from the cosmological and other Doppler components. It is shown that this leads to intrinsic redshift components that occur at exact multiples of z = 0.062 and are defined by the relation zi = 0.062[10N - M] where N and M can have only certain discrete values. It is also shown that the intrinsic redshifts given by this relation and others obtained for different N and M-values, agree closely with the redshifts found to be preferred in analyses of quasar emission-line redshifts. It is now apparent that the peaks in the distribution of quasar emission line redshifts also occur at pure harmonics of z = 0.062. Although these peaks have previously been fitted by a log(1+z) relation, the above explanation now seems more appropriate. These results indicate that the Delta(z) = 0.062 redshift interval, long known to be present in QSO emission-line redshifts below z = 0.6, is also present in an intrinsic component of QSO redshifts up to z ~ 2. This appears to imply that the Delta(z) = 0.062 redshift interval represents a fundamental redshift spacing that arises from the very nature of the intrinsic redshifts.

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arXiv2001

On QSO Distances and Lifetimes in a Local Model

It was previously shown from the redshifts and positions of the compact, high-redshift objects near the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 that they appear to have been ejected from the center of the galaxy in at least four similarly structured triplets. Here some of the consequences of assuming such a local model for QSOs are examined. From the ages of the ejection events it is found that in a relatively short time (10 - 100 million years) the intrinsic redshift component in these objects disappears and their luminosity increases to a value close to that of a normal galaxy. This period may then determine the approximate lifetime of a QSO and, in this scenario, QSOs may represent the first, short-lived stage in the life of a galaxy. It is shown that when QSOs are assumed to be "local", their generation rate is found to be constant throughout the age of the Universe. There is no need to invoke an epoch of enhanced, high-luminosity QSO production as is required if their redshifts are assumed to be purely cosmological. Because QSO lifetimes are relatively short (less than 100 million yrs), an initial event (Big Bang) may still be required to explain the high-redshift galaxies whose intrinsic redshift component will have long since disappeared. The Hubble expansion is therefore still expected to apply for normal galaxies.

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arXiv2001

Further Evidence for Large Intrinsic Redshifts

An examination of the positions and redshifts of the compact, QSO-like objects reported near the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 has revealed many relationships that suggest strongly that the objects have been ejected from the galaxy. Although some of the same relations have been found for the compact objects near NGC 3516, the higher number of sources near NGC 1068 has resulted in a detailed physical model. The results indicate that the objects have been expelled in at least four similarly structured ejection events from a point near the center of NGC 1068 within the last 6 million years, with very modest velocities between 10,000 and 20,000 km/s. From the age and rotation angle of successive events, the rotation period of the central object is calculated to be approximately 10 million yrs, in good agreement with the nuclear rotation period obtained from kinematic studies of NGC 1068. The large redshifts of the objects cannot be explained by their modest ejection velocities and require an additional, large intrinsic component.

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arXiv1998

HCO+ in the Starburst Galaxy M82

We report observations and an analysis of the distribution of HCO+(1-0) and HCO+(4-3) emission in the central 1 kpc star forming region of M82. Comparisons are made with other star formation indicators such as the mm continuum, the distribution of radio SNR's and the molecules CO and OH. In a broad sense, the HCO+ is distributed in a way similar to the CO, although there are noticeable differences in detail, including an inward displacement of spiral arm emission relative to CO. A comparison of the position-velocity plots for CO, HCO+(1-0), HCO+(4-3), and ionized gas, with orbits expected in the presence of the nuclear bar suggest an inward transfer of gas associated with star formation toward the nucleus. The HCO+(4-3)/(1-0) line ratios are comparatively uniform in the observed region, and according to an LVG analysis, reflect mean gas densities in the range 10^4 cm^{-3} - 10^5 cm^{-3} for kinetic temperatures in the range 20K - 60K. The comparative uniformity of these conditions and the low filling factor suggest that each sampled point comprises alarge number of clouds occupying a broad range of density, and possibly temperature. We briefly examine fractal type models in the context of the HCO+ data as an alternative way to analyze molecular line emission in M82.

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arXiv1997

Detection of HC11N in the Cold Dust Cloud TMC-1

Two consecutive rotational transitions of the long cyanopolyyne HC11N, J=39-38, and J=38-37, have been detected in the cold dust cloud TMC-1 at the frequencies expected from recent laboratory measurements by Travers et al. (1996), and at about the expected intensities. The astronomical lines have a mean radial velocity of 5.8(1) km/s, in good agreement with the shorter cyanopolyynes HC7N and HC9N observed in this very sharp-lined source [5.82(5) and 5.83(5) km/s, respectively]. The column density of HC11N is calculated to be 2.8x10^(11) cm^(-2). The abundance of the cyanopolyynes decreases smoothly with length to HC11N, the decrement from one to the next being about 6 for the longer carbon chains.

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