arXiv subjects

M. Döring

Publications and source records attributed to M. Döring.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Hadron Physics Opportunities at FAIR

This White Paper outlines a coordinated, decade-spanning programme of hadron and QCD studies anchored at the GSI/FAIR accelerator complex. Profiting from intense deuteron, proton and pion beams coupled with high-rate capable detectors and an international theory effort, the initiative addresses fundamental questions related to the strong interaction featuring confinement and dynamical mass generation. This includes our understanding of hadron-hadron interactions and the composition of hadrons through mapping the baryon and meson spectra, including exotic states, and quantifying hadron structure. This interdisciplinary research connects topics in the fields of nuclear, heavy-ion, and (nuclear) astro (particle) physics, linking, for example, terrestrial data to constraints on neutron star structure. A phased roadmap with SIS100 accelerator start-up and envisaged detector upgrades will yield precision cross sections, transition form factors, in-medium spectral functions, and validated theory inputs. Synergies with external programmes at international accelerator facilities worldwide are anticipated. The programme is expected to deliver decisive advances in our understanding of non-perturbative (strong) QCD and astrophysics, and high-rate detector and data-science technology.

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arXiv2023

Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena.

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arXiv2023

Inclusion of $KΛ$ electroproduction data in a coupled channel analysis

Exclusive electroproduction reactions provide an access to the structure of excited baryons. To extract electroproduction multipoles encoding this information, the Jülich-Bonn-Washington (JBW) analysis framework is extended to the analysis of differential cross sections in $KΛ$ electroproduction. This update enlarges the scope of previous coupled-channel analyses of pions and eta mesons, with photoproduction reactions as boundary condition in all analyzed electroproduction reactions. Polarization observables are predicted and compared to recent CLAS data. The comparison shows the relevance of these data to pin down baryon properties.

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arXiv2023

The Present and Future of QCD

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2020

QCD2019 Workshop Summary

The topical workshop {\it Strong QCD from Hadron Structure Experiments} took place at Jefferson Lab from Nov. 6-9, 2019. Impressive progress in relating hadron structure observables to the strong QCD mechanisms has been achieved from the {\it ab initio} QCD description of hadron structure in a diverse array of methods in order to expose emergent phenomena via quasi-particle formation. The wealth of experimental data and the advances in hadron structure theory make it possible to gain insight into strong interaction dynamics in the regime of large quark-gluon coupling (the strong QCD regime), which will address the most challenging problems of the Standard Model on the nature of the dominant part of hadron mass, quark-gluon confinement, and the emergence of the ground and excited state hadrons, as well as atomic nuclei, from QCD. This workshop aimed to develop plans and to facilitate the future synergistic efforts between experimentalists, phenomenologists, and theorists working on studies of hadron spectroscopy and structure with the goal to connect the properties of hadrons and atomic nuclei available from data to the strong QCD dynamics underlying their emergence from QCD. These results pave the way for a future breakthrough extension in the studies of QCD with an Electron-Ion Collider in the U.S.

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arXiv2019

Kaon Photoproduction and the $Λ$ Decay Parameter $α_-$

The weak decay parameter $α_-$ of the $Λ$ is an important quantity for the extraction of polarization observables in various experiments. Moreover, in combination with $α_+$ from $\barΛ$ decay it provides a measure for matter-antimatter asymmetry. The weak decay parameter also affects the decay parameters of the $Ξ$ and $Ω$ baryons and, in general, any quantity in which the polarization of the $Λ$ is relevant. The recently reported value by the BESIII collaboration of $0.750(9)(4)$ is significantly larger than the previous PDG value of $0.642(13)$ that had been accepted and used for over 40 years. In this work we make an independent estimate of $α_-$, using an extensive set of polarization data measured in kaon photoproduction in the baryon resonance region and constraints set by spin algebra. The obtained value is 0.721(6)(5). The result is corroborated by multiple statistical tests as well as a modern phenomenological model, showing that our new value yields the best description of the data in question. Our analysis supports the new BESIII finding that $α_-$ is significantly larger than the previous PDG value. Any experimental quantity relying on the value of $α_-$ should therefore be re-considered.

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arXiv2019

Three-body unitarity versus finite-volume $π^+π^+π^+$ spectrum from lattice QCD

Strong three-body interactions above threshold govern the dynamics of many exotics and conventional excited mesons and baryons. Three-body finite-volume energies calculated from lattice QCD promise an ab-initio understanding of these systems. We calculate the three-$π^+$ spectrum unraveling the three-body dynamics that is tightly intertwined with the $S$-matrix principle of three-body unitarity and compare it with recent lattice QCD results. For this purpose, we develop a formalism for three-body systems in moving frames and apply it numerically.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Three-body spectrum in a finite volume: the role of cubic symmetry

The three-particle quantization condition is partially diagonalized in the center-of-mass frame by using cubic symmetry on the lattice. To this end, instead of spherical harmonics, the kernel of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for particle-dimer scattering is expanded in the basis functions of different irreducible representations of the octahedral group. Such a projection is of particular importance for the three-body problem in the finite volume due to the occurrence of three-body singularities above breakup. Additionally, we study the numerical solution and properties of such a projected quantization condition in a simple model. It is shown that, for large volumes, these solutions allow for an instructive interpretation of the energy eigenvalues in terms of bound and scattering states.

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arXiv2019

Towards the Minimal Spectrum of Excited Baryons

In the light baryon sector resonances can be broad and overlapping and are in most cases not directly visible in the cross section data. Automatized model selection techniques that introduce penalties for resonances can be used to determine the minimally needed set of resonances to describe the data. Several possible penalization schemes are compared. As an application we perform a blindfold identification of hyperon resonances in the $\bar{K} N \to K Ξ$ reaction based on the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) in combination with the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). We find ten resonances --- out of the 21 above-threshold hyperon resonances with spin $J\le 7/2$ listed by the Particle Data Group. In traditional analyses, it is practically impossible to test the relevance of all resonances and their combinations that may potentially contribute to the reaction. By contrast, the present method proves capable of determining the relevant resonances among a large pool of candidates.

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arXiv2018

Sigma resonance parameters from a $N_f=2$ lattice QCD simulation

In this work we present the analysis of the energy spectrum from a recent two-flavor ($N_f=2$) lattice QCD calculation for pion-pion scattering in the scalar, isoscalar channel (the $σ$-meson). The lattice simulation was performed for two quark masses corresponding to a pion mass of 315 MeV and 227 MeV. The $σ$-meson parameters are extracted using various parametrizations of the scattering amplitude. The results obtained from a chiral unitary parametrization are extrapolated to the physical point and read $M_σ=( 440^{+10}_{-16}(50) - i\,240(20)(25))$ MeV, where the uncertainties in the parentheses denote the stochastic and systematic ones. The behavior of the $σ$-meson parameters with increasing pion mass is discussed as well.

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arXiv2018

The impact of $\mathbf{K^+Λ}$ photoproduction on the resonance spectrum

The Jülich-Bonn coupled-channel framework is extended to $K^+Λ$ photoproduction. The spectrum of nucleon and $Δ$ resonances is extracted from simultaneous fits to several pion-induced reactions in addition to pion, eta and $K^+Λ$ photoproduction off the proton. More than 40,000 data points up to a center-of-mass energy of E$\sim$2.3 GeV including recently measured double-polarization observables are analyzed. The influence of the $γp\to K^+Λ$ channel on the extracted resonance parameters and the appearance of states not seen in other channels is investigated. The Jülich-Bonn model includes effective three-body channels and guarantees unitarity and analyticity, which is a prerequisite for a reliable determination of the resonance spectrum in terms of poles and residues.

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arXiv2017

Three-body Unitarity in the Finite Volume

The physical interpretation of lattice QCD simulations, performed in a small volume, requires an extrapolation to the infinite volume. A method is proposed to perform such an extrapolation for three interacting particles at energies above threshold. For this, a recently formulated relativistic $3\to 3$ amplitude based on the isobar formulation is adapted to the finite volume. The guiding principle is two- and three-body unitarity that imposes the imaginary parts of the amplitude in the infinite volume. In turn, these imaginary parts dictate the leading power-law finite-volume effects. It is demonstrated that finite-volume poles arising from the singular interaction, from the external two-body sub-amplitudes, and from the disconnected topology cancel exactly leaving only the genuine three-body eigenvalues. The corresponding quantization condition is derived for the case of three identical scalar-isoscalar particles and its numerical implementation is demonstrated.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2017

Chiral Extrapolations of the $\boldsymbol{ρ(770)}$ Meson in $\mathbf{N_f=2+1}$ Lattice QCD Simulations

Recent $N_f=2+1$ lattice data for meson-meson scattering in $p$-wave and isospin $I=1$ are analyzed using a unitarized model inspired by Chiral Perturbation Theory in the inverse-amplitude formulation for two and three flavors. Chiral extrapolations are performed that postdict phase shifts extracted from experiment quite well. In addition, the low-energy constants are compared to the ones from a recent analysis of $N_f=2$ lattice QCD simulations to check for the consistency of the hadronic model used here. Some inconsistencies are detected in the fits to $N_f=2+1$ data, in contrast to the previous analysis of $N_f=2$ data.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2017

Photon beam asymmetry $Σ$ for $η$ and $η^\prime$ photoproduction from the proton

Measurements of the linearly-polarized photon beam asymmetry $Σ$ for photoproduction from the proton of $η$ and $η^\prime$ mesons are reported. A linearly-polarized tagged photon beam produced by coherent bremsstrahlung was incident on a cryogenic hydrogen target within the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. Results are presented for the $γp \to ηp$ reaction for incident photon energies from 1.070 to 1.876 GeV, and from 1.516 to 1.836 GeV for the $γp \to η^\prime p$ reaction. For $γp \to ηp$, the data reported here considerably extend the range of measurements to higher energies, and are consistent with the few previously published measurements for this observable near threshold. For $γp \to η^\prime p$, the results obtained are consistent with the few previously published measurements for this observable near threshold, but also greatly expand the incident photon energy coverage for that reaction. Initial analysis of the data reported here with the Bonn-Gatchina model strengthens the evidence for four nucleon resonances -- the $N(1895)1/2^-$, $N(1900)3/2^+$, $N(2100)1/2^+$ and $N(2120)3/2^-$ resonances -- which presently lack the "four-star" status in the current Particle Data Group compilation, providing examples of how these new measurements help refine models of the photoproduction process.

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arXiv2016

Model Selection for Pion Photoproduction

Partial-wave analysis of meson and photon-induced reactions is needed to enable the comparison of many theoretical approaches to data. In both energy-dependent and independent parametrizations of partial waves, the selection of the model amplitude is crucial. Principles of the $S$-matrix are implemented to different degree in different approaches, but a many times overlooked aspect concerns the selection of undetermined coefficients and functional forms for fitting, leading to a minimal yet sufficient parametrization. We present an analysis of low-energy neutral pion photoproduction using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) in combination with criteria from information theory and $K$-fold cross validation. These methods are not yet widely known in the analysis of excited hadrons but will become relevant in the era of precision spectroscopy. The principle is first illustrated with synthetic data, then, its feasibility for real data is demonstrated by analyzing the latest available measurements of differential cross sections ($dσ/dΩ$), photon-beam asymmetries ($Σ$), and target asymmetry differential cross sections ($dσ_T/dΩ$) in the low energy regime.

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arXiv2016

Correlations of $\boldsymbol{πN}$ Partial Waves for Multi-Reaction Analyses

In the search for missing baryonic resonances, many analyses include data from a variety of pion- and photon-induced reactions. For elastic $πN$ scattering, however, usually the partial waves of the SAID or other groups are fitted, instead of data. We provide the partial-wave covariance matrices needed to perform correlated $χ^2$ fits, in which the obtained $χ^2$ equals the actual $χ^2$ up non-linear and normalization corrections. For any analysis relying on partial waves extracted from elastic pion scattering, this is a prerequisite to assess the significance of resonance signals and to assign any uncertainty on results. The influence of systematic errors is also considered.

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arXiv2016

Two-flavor Simulations of the $ρ(770)$ and the Role of the $K\bar K$ Channel

The $ρ(770)$ meson is the most extensively studied resonance in lattice QCD simulations in two ($N_f=2$) and three ($N_f=2+1$) flavor formulations. We analyze $N_f=2$ lattice scattering data using unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory, allowing not only for the extrapolation in mass but also in flavor, $N_f=2\to N_f=2+1$. The flavor extrapolation requires information from a global fit to $ππ$ and $πK$ phase shifts from experiment. While the chiral extrapolation of $N_f=2$ lattice data leads to masses of the $ρ(770)$ meson far below the experimental one, we find that the missing $K\bar{K}$ channel is able to explain this discrepancy.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2016

Baryon transition form factors at the pole

Electromagnetic resonance properties are uniquely defined at the pole and do not depend on the separation of the resonance from background or the decay channel. Photon-nucleon branching ratios are nowadays often quoted at the pole, and we generalize the considerations to the case of virtual photons. We derive and compare relations for nucleon to baryon transition form factors both for the Breit-Wigner and the pole positions. Using the MAID2007 and SAID SM08 partial wave analyses of pion electroproduction data, we compare the $G_M$, $G_E$, and $G_C$ form factors for the $Δ(1232)$ resonance excitation at the Breit-Wigner resonance and pole positions up to $Q^2=5$ GeV$^2$. We also explore the $E/M$ and $S/M$ ratios as functions of $Q^2$. For pole and residue extraction, we apply the Laurent + Pietarinen method.

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