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M. D. Vannette

Publications and source records attributed to M. D. Vannette.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2009

Local-moment ferromagnetism and unusual magnetic domains in Fe$_{1/4}$TaS$_{2}$ crystals

Single crystals of Fe$_{1/4}$TaS$_{2}$ have been studied by using magneto-optical (MO) imaging and radio-frequency (rf) magnetic susceptibility, $χ$. Real time MO images reveal unusual, slow dynamics of dendritic domain formation, the details of which are strongly dependent upon magnetic and thermal history. Measurements of $χ(T)$ show well-defined, local moment ferromagnetic transition at $T\approx 155$ K as well as thermal hysteresis for 50 K$<T<$60 K. This temperature range corresponds to the domain formation temperature as determined by MO. Together these observations provide strong evidence for local moment ferromagnetism in Fe$_{1/4}$TaS$_{2}$ crystals with large, temperature dependent magnetic anisotropy.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2009

Non-exponential London penetration depth in RFeAsO$_{0.9}$F$_{0.1}$ (R=La,Nd) single crystals

The superconducting penetration depth, $λ(T)$, has been measured in RFeAsO$_{0.9}$F$_{0.1}$ (R=La,Nd) single crystals (R-1111). In Nd-1111, we find an upturn in $λ(T)$ upon cooling and attribute it to the paramagnetism of the Nd ions, similar to the case of the electron-doped cuprate Nd-Ce-Cu-O. After the correction for paramagnetism, the London penetration depth variation is found to follow a power-law behavior, $Δλ_L(T)\propto T^{2}$ at low temperatures. The same $T^2$ variation of $λ(T)$ was found in non-magnetic La-1111 crystals. Analysis of the superfluid density and of penetration depth anisotropy over the full temperature range is consistent with two-gap superconductivity. Based on this and on our previous work, we conclude that both the RFeAsO (1111) and BaFe$_2$As$_2$ (122) families of pnictide superconductors exhibit unconventional two-gap superconductivity.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2008

Unconventional London penetration depth in Ba(Fe0.93Co0.07)2As2 single crystals

The London penetration depth, $λ(T)$, has been measured in several single crystals of Ba(Fe$_{0.93}$Co$_{0.07}$)$_2$As$_2$. Thermodynamic, electromagnetic, and structural characterization measurements confirm that these crystals are of excellent quality. The observed low temperature variation of $λ(T)$ follows a power-law, $Δλ(T) \sim T^n$ with $n=2.4 \pm 0.1$, indicating the existence of normal quasiparticles down to at least $0.02T_c$. This is in contrast to recent penetration depth measurements on single crystals of NdFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_x$ and SmFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_x$, which indicate an anisotropic but nodeless gap. We propose that a more three-dimensional character in the electronic structure of Ba(Fe$_{0.93}$Co$_{0.07}$)$_2$As$_2$ may lead to an anisotropic $s-$wave gap with point nodes that would explain the observed $λ(T)$.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2008

Coexistence of Long-Range Magnetic Order and Superconductivity from Campbell Penetration Depth Measurements

Application of a tunnel-diode resonator (TDR) technique for studies of the vortex response in magnetic superconductors is described. Operating at very small excitation fields and sufficiently high frequency, TDR was used to probe small-amplitude linear AC response in several types of single crystals where long-range magnetic order coexists with bulk superconductivity. Full local - moment ferromagnetism destroys superconductivity and can coexist with it only in a narrow temperature range ($\sim 0.3$ K). In contrast, weak ferromagnetic as well as antiferromagnetic orders can coexist with bulk superconductivity and may even lead to enhancements of vortex pinning. By analyzing the Campbell penetration depth we find sharp increase of the true critical current in the vicinity of the magnetic phase transitions. We conclude that critical magnetic fluctuations are responsible for this enhancement.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2008

Effect of doping on irreversible Campbell length in MgB$_2$ single crystals

We have measured small-amplitude rf penetration depth $λ(H,T)$ in pure and C, Li and (Li+C) doped single crystals of MgB$_2$. The effect of doping on the critical temperature T$_c$ and on the upper critical field H$_{c2}$ was found to be in good agreement with previous results. We report the presence of clear signatures of irreversibility in $λ(H,T)$, associated with the peak effect. Carbon doping enhances the signature and shifts its position on the H-T phase diagram to higher temperatures. Contrary to this, Li substitution has the effect of suppressing the peak effect to lower temperatures. Analysis of both zero field (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) measurements suggests that the hysteresis associated with the peak effect is due to macroscopic screening supercurrents, $j$, generated during the magnetic field ramp.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2008

Field-dependent AC susceptibility of itinerant ferromagnets

Whereas dc measurements of magnetic susceptibility, $χ$, fail to distinguish between local and weak itinerant ferromagnets, radio-frequency (rf) measurements of $χ$ in the ferromagnetic state show dramatic differences between the two. We present sensitive tunnel-diode resonator measurements of $χ$ in the weak itinerant ferromagnet ZrZn$_2$ at a frequency of 23 MHz. Below Curie temperature, $T_C \approx 26$ K, the susceptibility is seen to increase and pass through a broad maximum at approximately 15 K in zero applied dc magnetic field. Application of a magnetic field reduces the amplitude of the maximum and shifts it to lower temperatures. The existence and evolution this maximum with applied field is not predicted by either the Stoner or self-consistent renormalized (SCR) spin fluctuations theories. For temperatures below $T_C$ both theories derive a zero-field limit expression for $χ$. We propose a semi-phenomenological model that considers the effect of the internal field from the polarized fraction of the conduction band on the remaining, unpolarized conduction band electrons. The developed model accurate describes the experimental data.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2008

Interplay of Local-Moment Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity in ErRh$_4$B$_4$ Single Crystals

Tunnel-diode resonator technique was used to study crystals of ferromagnetic re-entrant superconductor, ErRh$_{4}$B$_{4}$. At the boundary between ferromagnetism (FM) and superconductivity (SC), dynamic magnetic susceptibility, $χ(T,H)$, exhibits highly asymmetric behavior upon warming and cooling as well as enhanced diamagnetism on the SC side. SC phase nucleates upon warming in a cascade of discontinuous jumps in magnetic susceptibility $χ(T,H)$, whereas FM phase develops gradually as reported in detail in \cite{prozorov2008}. Here we further investigate enhanced diamagnetism. We find that when a magnetic field is applied along the magnetic easy axes, a region of enhanced diamagnetic screening is smaller than in the perpendicular orientation. A discussion of possible causes of this effect is provided.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2008

^{7}Li NMR Study of Heavy Fermion LiV2O4 Containing Magnetic Defects

We present a systematic study of the variations of the ^{7}Li NMR properties versus magnetic defect concentration up to 0.83 mol% within the spinel structure of polycrystalline powder samples and a collection of small single crystals of LiV2O4 in the temperature range from 0.5 to 4.2 K. We also report static magnetization measurements and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements at 14 MHz on the samples at low temperatures. Both the NMR spectrum and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate are inhomogeneous in the presence of the magnetic defects. The NMR data for the powders are well explained by assuming that (i) there is a random distribution of magnetic point defects, (ii) the same heavy Fermi liquid is present in the samples containing the magnetic defects as in magnetically pure LiV2O4, and (iii) the influences of the magnetic defects and of the Fermi liquid on the magnetization and NMR properties are separable. In the single crystals, somewhat different behaviors are observed. Remarkably, the magnetic defects in the powder samples show evidence of spin freezing below T ~ 1.0 K, whereas in the single crystals with similar magnetic defect concentration no spin freezing was found down to 0.5 K. Thus different types of magnetic defects and/or interactions between them appear to arise in the powders versus the crystals, possibly due to the substantially different synthesis conditions of the powders and crystals.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2008

Two-gap superconductivity in single crystal Lu$_2$Fe$_3$Si$_5$ from penetration depth measurements

Single crystal of Lu$_2$Fe$_3$Si$_5$ was studied with the tunnel-diode resonator technique in Meissner and mixed states. Temperature dependence of the superfluid density provides strong evidence for the two-gap superconductivity with almost equal contributions from each gap of magnitudes $Δ_1/k_BT_c=1.86$ and $Δ_1/k_BT_c=0.54$. In the vortex state, pinning strength shows unusually strong temperature dependence and is non-monotonic with the magnetic field (peak effect). The irreversibility line is sharply defined and is quite distant from the $H_{c2}(T)$, which hints on to enhanced vortex fluctuations in this two-gap system. Altogether our findings provide strong electromagnetic - measurements support to the two-gap superconductivity in Lu$_2$Fe$_3$Si$_5$ previously suggested from specific heat measurements.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2007

Superconducting and normal state properties of the layered boride OsB2

OsB_2 crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure (Pmmn) which contains alternate boron and osmium layers stacked along the c-axis. The boron layers consist of puckered hexagons as opposed to the flat graphite-like boron layers in MgB_2. OsB_2 is reported to become superconducting below 2.1 K. We report results of the dynamic and static magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, Hall effect, heat capacity and penetration depth measurements on arc-melted polycrystalline samples of OsB_2 to characterize its superconducting and normal state properties. These measurements confirmed that OsB_2 becomes a bulk superconductor below T_ c = 2.1 K. Our results indicate that OsB_2 is a moderate-coupling Type-II superconductor with an electron-phonon coupling constant λ_{ep} \approx 0.4 to 0.5, a small Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ\sim 1 to 2 and an upper critical magnetic field H_{c2}(0.5 K) \sim 420 Oe for an unannealed sample and H_{c2}(1 K) \sim 330 Oe for an annealed sample. The temperature dependence of the superfluid density n_{s}(T) for the unannealed sample is consistent with an s-wave superconductor with a slightly enhanced zero temperature gap Δ(0) = 1.9 k_{B}T_c and a zero temperature London penetration depth λ(0) = 0.38(2) μm. The n_{s}(T) data for the annealed sample shows deviations from the predictions of the single-band s-wave BCS model. The magnetic, transport and thermal properties in the normal state of isostructural and isoelectronic RuB_2, which is reported to become superconducting below 1.6 K, are also reported.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2007

s-Wave superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric Re_3W probed by magnetic penetration depth

We report measurements of the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth λ(T) in non-centrosymmetric superconductor Re_3W. We employed two experimental techniques: extraction of λ(T) from magnetic {\em dc}-susceptibility, measured on a powder sample, and the rf tunnel diode resonator technique, where a bulk polycrystalline sample was used. The results of both techniques agree: the temperature dependence of the penetration depth can be well described by weak-coupling, dirty-limit, s-wave BCS theory where we obtain $Δ(0)/k_BT_C=1.76$. No evidence for unconventional pairing resulting from the absence of the inversion symmetry is found.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2007

Precise measurements of radio-frequency magnetic susceptibility in (anti)ferromagnetic materials

Dynamic magnetic susceptibility, $χ$, was studied in several intermetallic materials exhibiting ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and metamagnetic transitions. Precise measurements by using a 14 MHz tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) allow detailed insight into the field and temperature dependence of $χ$. In particular, local moment ferromagnets show a sharp peak in $χ(T)$ near the Curie temperature, $T_c$. The peak amplitude decreases and shifts to higher temperatures with very small applied dc fields. Anisotropic measurements of CeVSb$_3$ show that this peak is present provided the magnetic easy axis is aligned with the excitation field. In a striking contrast, small moment, itinerant ferromagnets (i.e., ZrZn$_2$) show a broad maximum in $χ(T)$ that responds differently to applied field. We believe that TDO measurements provide a very sensitive way to distinguish between local and itinerant moment magnetic orders. Local moment antiferromagnets do not show a peak at the Néel temperature, $T_N$, but only a sharp decrease of $χ$ below $T_N$ due to the loss of spin-disorder scattering changing the penetration depth of the ac excitation field. Furthermore, we show that the TDO is capable of detecting changes in spin order as well as metamagnetic transitions. Finally, critical scaling of $χ(T,H)$ in the vicinity of $T_C$ is discussed in CeVSb$_3$ and CeAgSb$_2$.

cond-mat.str-el↗