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M. F. Toney

Publications and source records attributed to M. F. Toney.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

Over what length scale does an inorganic substrate perturb the structure of a glassy organic semiconductor?

While the bulk structure of vapor-deposited glasses has been extensively studied, structure at buried interfaces has received little attention, despite being important for organic electronic applications. To learn about glass structure at buried interfaces, we study the structure of vapor-deposited glasses of the organic semiconductor DSA-Ph (1,4-di-[4-(N,N-diphenyl)amino]styryl-benzene) as a function of film thickness; structure is probed with grazing incidence X-ray scattering. We deposit on silicon and gold substrates and span a film thickness range of 10-600 nm. Our experiments demonstrate that interfacial molecular packing in vapor-deposited glasses of DSA-Ph is more disordered compared to the bulk. At a deposition temperature near room temperature, we estimate ~ 8 nm near the substrate can have modified molecular packing. Molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained representation of DSA-Ph reveal a similar length scale. In both the simulations and the experiments, deposition temperature controls glass structure beyond this interfacial layer of a few nanometers.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Stable Glasses of Organic Semiconductor Resist Crystallization

The instability of glassy solids poses a key limitation to their use in several technological applications. Well-packed organic glasses, prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD), have drawn attention recently because they can exhibit significantly higher thermal and chemical stability than glasses prepared from more traditional routes. We show here that PVD glasses can also show enhanced resistance to crystallization. By controlling the deposition temperature, resistance towards crystallization can be enhanced by at least a factor of ten in PVD glasses of the model organic semiconductor Alq3 (Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum). PVD glasses of Alq3 first transform into a supercooled liquid before crystallizing. By controlling the deposition temperature, we increase the glass to liquid transformation time thereby also increasing the overall time for crystallization. We thus demonstrate a new strategy to stabilize glasses of organic semiconductors against crystallization, which is a common failure mechanism in OLED (organic light emitting diode) devices.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Visualization of Dynamic Polaronic Strain Fields in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites

Excitation localization involving dynamic nanoscale distortions is a central aspect of photocatalysis, quantum materials and molecular optoelectronics. Experimental characterization of such distortions requires techniques sensitive to the formation of point-defect-like local structural rearrangements in real time. Here, we visualize excitation-induced strain fields in a prototypical member of the lead halide perovskites via femtosecond resolution diffuse x-ray scattering measurements. This enables momentum-resolved phonon spectroscopy of the locally-distorted structure and reveals radially-expanding nanometer-scale elastic strain fields associated with the formation and relaxation of polarons in photoexcited perovskites. Quantitative estimates of the magnitude and the shape of this polaronic distortion are obtained, providing direct insights into the debated dynamic structural distortions in these materials. Optical pump-probe reflection spectroscopy corroborates these results and shows how these large polaronic distortions transiently modify the carrier effective mass, providing a unified picture of the coupled structural and electronic dynamics that underlie the unique optoelectronic functionality of the hybrid perovskites.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

A neutron scattering study of the interplay between structure and magnetism in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_2$As$_2$

Single crystal neutron diffraction is used to investigate the magnetic and structural phase diagram of the electron doped superconductor Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$. Heat capacity and resistivity measurements have demonstrated that Co doping this system splits the combined antiferromagnetic and structural transition present in BaFe$_2$As$_2$ into two distinct transitions. For $x$=0.025, we find that the upper transition is between the high-temperature tetragonal and low-temperature orthorhombic structures with ($T_{\mathrm{TO}}=99 \pm 0.5$ K) and the antiferromagnetic transition occurs at $T_{\mathrm{AF}}=93 \pm 0.5$ K. We find that doping rapidly suppresses the antiferromagnetism, with antiferromagnetic order disappearing at $x \approx 0.055$. However, there is a region of co-existence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. The effect of the antiferromagnetic transition can be seen in the temperature dependence of the structural Bragg peaks from both neutron scattering and x-ray diffraction. We infer from this that there is strong coupling between the antiferromagnetism and the crystal lattice.

cond-mat.supr-con

Pressure-induced quenching of the charge-density-wave state observed by x-ray diffraction

We report an x-ray diffraction study on the charge-density-wave (CDW) LaTe$_3$ and CeTe$_3$ compounds as a function of pressure. We extract the lattice constants and the CDW modulation wave-vector, and provide direct evidence for a pressure-induced quenching of the CDW phase. We observe subtle differences between the chemical and mechanical compression of the lattice. We account for these with a scenario where the effective dimensionality in these CDW systems is dependent on the type of lattice compression and has a direct impact on the degree of Fermi surface nesting and on the strength of fluctuation effects.

cond-mat.str-el

Enhanced superconducting pairing interaction in indium-doped tin telluride

The ferroelectric degenerate semiconductor Sn$_{1-δ}$Te exhibits superconductivity with critical temperatures, $T_c$, of up to 0.3 K for hole densities of order 10$^{21}$ cm$^{-3}$. When doped on the tin site with greater than $x_c$ $= 1.7(3)%$ indium atoms, however, superconductivity is observed up to 2 K, though the carrier density does not change significantly. We present specific heat data showing that a stronger pairing interaction is present for $x > x_c$ than for $x < x_c$. By examining the effect of In dopant atoms on both $T_c$ and the temperature of the ferroelectric structural phase transition, $T_{SPT}$, we show that phonon modes related to this transition are not responsible for this $T_c$ enhancement, and discuss a plausible candidate based on the unique properties of the indium impurities.

cond-mat.supr-con

Multiple charge density wave transitions in Gd$_2$Te$_5$

Diffraction measurements performed via transmission electron microscopy and high resolution X-ray scattering reveal two distinct charge density wave transitions in Gd$_2$Te$_5$ at $T_{c1}$ = 410(3) and $T_{c2}$ = 532(3) K, associated with the \textit{on}-axis incommensurate lattice modulation and \textit{off}-axis commensurate lattice modulation respectively. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the order parameters indicates a non-vanishing coupling between these two distinct CDW states.

cond-mat.str-el

Charge density wave formation in $R_{2}$Te$_{5}$ ($R$=Nd, Sm and Gd)

The rare earth ($R$) tellurides $R_2$Te$_5$ have a crystal structure intermediate between that of $R$Te$_2$ and $R$Te$_3$, consisting of alternating single and double Te planes sandwiched between $R$Te block layers. We have successfully grown single crystals of Nd$_2$Te$_5$, Sm$_2$Te$_5$ and Gd$_2$Te$_5$ from a self flux, and describe here the first evidence for charge density wave formation in these materials. The superlattice patterns for all three compounds are relatively complex, consisting at room temperature of at least two independent wavevectors. Consideration of the electronic structure indicates that to a large extent these wave vectors are separately associated with sheets of the Fermi surface which are principally derived from the single and double Te layers.

cond-mat.str-el

Effect of Chemical Pressure on the Charge Density Wave Transition in Rare-earth Tritellurides RTe_3

The charge density wave transition is investigated in the bi-layer family of rare earth tritelluride RTe_3 compounds (R = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) via high resolution x-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity. The transition temperature increases monotonically with increasing lattice parameter from 244(3) K for TmTe_3 to 416(3) K for SmTe_3. The heaviest members of the series, R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, are observed to have a second transition at a lower temperature, which marks the onset of an additional CDW with wavevector almost equal in magnitude to the first, but oriented in the perpendicular direction.

cond-mat.str-el

Dopants, Defects and Magnetism in Epitaxial CoxTi1-xO2-x Anatase

We demonstrate that room-temperature ferromagnetism in epitaxial Co-doped TiO2 anatase is driven by electron-mediated exchange interaction, and not by metallic Co clusters. Co(II) substitutes for Ti(VI) in the lattice and produces oxygen vacancies that do not contribute carriers. Free electrons originate with oxygen vacancies resulting from an oxygen deficiency during growth.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci