arXiv subjects

M. Grajcar

Publications and source records attributed to M. Grajcar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2014

Amplification and attenuation of a probe signal by doubly-dressed states

We analyse a system composed of a qubit coupled to electromagnetic fields of two high quality quantum oscillators. Particular realization of such a system is the superconducting qubit coupled to a transmission-line resonator driven by two signals with frequencies close to the resonator's harmonics. One strong signal is used for exciting the system to a high energetic state while the second weak signal is applied for probing effective eigenstates of the system. We demonstrate that a description of the system dynamics as doubly dressed qubit is applicable. Experiments show that in the case of high quality resonators the energy levels and the resonance conditions can be probed even for high driving amplitudes. The interaction of the qubit with photons of two harmonics has prospects to be used as a quantum amplifier or an attenuator.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2013

Parametric amplification by coupled flux qubits

We report the parametric amplification of a microwave signal in a Kerr medium formed from superconducting qubits. Two mutually coupled flux qubits, embedded in the current antinode of a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator, are used as a nonlinear element. Shared Josephson junctions provide the qubit-resonator coupling, resulting in a device with a measured gain of about 20 dB. We argue, that this arrangement represents a unit cell which can be straightforwardly extended to a quasi one-dimensional quantum metamaterial with a large tunable Kerr nonlinearity.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

Dressed-state amplification by a superconducting qubit

We demonstrate amplification of a microwave signal by a strongly driven two-level system in a coplanar waveguide resonator. The effect known from optics as dressed-state lasing is observed with a single quantum system formed by a persistent current (flux) qubit. The transmission through the resonator is enhanced when the Rabi frequency of the driven qubit is tuned into resonance with one of the resonator modes. Amplification as well as linewidth narrowing of a weak probe signal has been observed. The laser emission at the resonator's fundamental mode has been studied by measuring the emission spectrum. We analyzed our system and found an excellent agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions obtained in the dressed-state model.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2010

Weak continuous monitoring of a flux qubit using coplanar waveguide resonator

We study a flux qubit in a coplanar waveguide resonator by measuring transmission through the system. In our system with the flux qubit decoupled galvanically from the resonator, the intermediate coupling regime is achieved. In this regime dispersive readout is possible with weak backaction on the qubit. The detailed theoretical analysis and simulations give a good agreement with the experimental data and allow to make the qubit characterization.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2009

Multiphoton excitations and inverse population in two-flux-qubit system

We study spectroscopy of artificial solid-state four-level quantum system. This system is formed by two coupled superconducting flux qubits. When multiple driving frequency of the applied microwaves matches the energy difference between any two levels, the transition to the upper level is induced. We demonstrate two types of the multi-photon transitions: direct transitions between two levels and ladder-type transitions via an intermediate level. For the latter transitions, in particular, the inverse population of the excited state with respect to the ground one is realized. These processes can be useful for the control of the level population for the multilevel scalable quantum systems.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

Resonant excitations of single and two-qubit systems coupled to a tank circuit

The interaction of flux qubits with a low frequency tank circuit is studied. It is shown that changes in the state of the interacting qubits influence the effective impedance of the circuit, which is the essence of the so-called impedance measurement technique. The multiphoton resonant excitations in both single flux qubits and pairs of coupled flux qubits are investigated. In particular, we compare our theoretical results with recent spectroscopy measurements, Landau-Zener interferometry, and multiphoton fringes.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

Consistency of ground state and spectroscopic measurements on flux qubits

We compare the results of ground state and spectroscopic measurements carried out on superconducting flux qubits which are effective two-level quantum systems. For a single qubit and for two coupled qubits we show excellent agreement between the parameters of the pseudospin Hamiltonian found using both methods. We argue, that by making use of the ground state measurements the Hamiltonian of N coupled flux qubits can be reconstructed as well at temperatures smaller than the energy level separation. Such a reconstruction of a many-qubit Hamiltonian can be useful for future quantum information processing devices.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

Sisyphus cooling and amplification by a superconducting qubit

Laser cooling of the atomic motion paved the way for remarkable achievements in the fields of quantum optics and atomic physics, including Bose-Einstein condensation and the trapping of atoms in optical lattices. More recently superconducting qubits were shown to act as artificial two-level atoms, displaying Rabi oscillations, Ramsey fringes, and further quantum effects. Coupling such qubits to resonators brought the superconducting circuits into the realm of quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED). It opened the perspective to use superconducting qubits as micro-coolers or to create a population inversion in the qubit to induce lasing behavior of the resonator. Furthering these analogies between quantum optical and superconducting systems we demonstrate here Sisyphus cooling of a low frequency LC oscillator coupled to a near-resonantly driven superconducting qubit. In the quantum optics setup the mechanical degrees of freedom of an atom are cooled by laser driving the atom's electronic degrees of freedom. Here the roles of the two degrees of freedom are played by the LC circuit and the qubit's levels, respectively. We also demonstrate the counterpart of the Sisyphus cooling, namely Sisyphus amplification. Parallel to the experimental demonstration we analyze the system theoretically and find quantitative agreement, which supports the interpretation and allows us to estimate system parameters.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

Lower limit on the achievable temperature in resonator-based sideband cooling

A resonator can be effectively used as a cooler for another linear oscillator with a much smaller frequency. A huge cooling effect, which could be used to cool a mechanical oscillator below the energy of quantum fluctuations, has been predicted by several authors. However, here we show that there is a lower limit T* on the achievable temperature that was not considered in previous works and can be higher than the quantum limit in realistic experimental realizations. We also point out that the decay rate of the resonator, which previous studies stress should be small, must be larger than the decay rate of the cooled oscillator for effective cooling.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2007

MgB2 radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device prepared by atomic force microscope lithography

A new method of preparation of radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices on MgB2 thin films is presented. The variable-thickness bridge was prepared by a combination of optical lithography and of the scratching by an atomic force microscope. The critical current of the nanobridge was 0.35 uA at 4.2 K. Non-contact measurements of the current-phase characteristics and of the critical current vs. temperature have been investigated on our structures.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2007

Controllable coupling of superconducting flux qubits

We have realized controllable coupling between two three-junction flux qubits by inserting an additional coupler loop between them, containing three Josephson junctions. Two of these are shared with the qubit loops, providing strong qubit--coupler interaction. The third junction gives the coupler a nontrivial current--flux relation; its derivative (i.e., the susceptibility) determines the coupling strength J, which thus is tunable in situ via the coupler's flux bias. In the qubit regime, J was varied from ~45 (antiferromagnetic) to ~ -55 mK (ferromagnetic); in particular, J vanishes for an intermediate coupler bias. Measurements on a second sample illuminate the relation between two-qubit tunable coupling and three-qubit behavior.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2007

Realization of a classical counterpart of a scalable design for adiabatic quantum computation

We implement a classical counterpart of a scalable design for adiabatic quantum computation. The key element of this design is a coupler providing controllable coupling between two bistable elements (in our case superconducting rings with a single Josephson junction playing the role of a classical counterpart of superconducting flux qubits) The coupler is also a superconducting ring with a single Josephson junction that operates in the non-hysteretic mode. The flux coupling between two bistable rings can be controlled by changing the magnetic flux through the coupler. Thereby, the coupling can be tuned from ferromagnetic trough zero to to anti-ferromagnetic.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2007

Adiabatic quantum computation with flux qubits, first experimental results

Controllable adiabatic evolution of a multi-qubit system can be used for adiabatic quantum computation (AQC). This evolution ends at a configuration where the Hamiltonian of the system encodes the solution of the problem to be solved. As a first steps towards realization of AQC we have investigated two, three and four flux qubit systems. These systems were characterized by making use of a radio-frequency method. We designed two-qubit systems with coupling energies up to several kelvins. For the three-flux-qubit systems we determined the complete ground-state flux diagram in the three dimensional flux space around the qubits common degeneracy point. We show that the system`s Hamiltonian can be completely reconstructed from our measurements. Our concept for the implementation of AQC, by making use of flux qubits, is discussed.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2006

Switchable resonant coupling of flux qubits

We propose a coupling scheme, where two or more flux qubits with different eigenfrequencies share Josephson junctions with a coupler loop devoid of its own quantum dynamics. Switchable two-qubit coupling is realized by tuning the frequency of the AC magnetic flux through the coupler to a combination frequency of two of the qubits. The coupling allows any or all of the qubits to be simultaneously at the degeneracy point and can change sign.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2006

Measurement of the ground-state flux diagram of three coupled qubits as a first step towards the demonstration of adiabatic quantum computation

The ground state susceptibility of a system consisting of three flux-qubits was measured in the complete three dimensional flux space around the common degeneracy point of the qubits. The system's Hamiltonian could be completely reconstructed from measurements made far away from the common degeneracy point. The subsequent measurements made around this point show complete agreement with the theoretical predictions which follow from this Hamiltonian. The ground state anti-crossings of the system could be read-out directly from these measurements. This allows one to determine the ground-state flux diagram, which provides the solution for the non-polynomial optimization problem MAXCUT encoded in the Hamiltonian of the three-flux-qubit system. Our results show that adiabatic quantum computation can be demonstrated with this system provided that the energy gap and/or the speed of the read-out is increased.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2006

A characterization of global entanglement

We define a set of $2^{n-1}-1$ entanglement monotones for $n$ qubits and give a single measure of entanglement in terms of these. This measure is zero except on globally entangled (fully inseparable) states. This measure is compared to the Meyer-Wallach measure for two, three, and four qubits. We determine the four-qubit state, symmetric under exchange of qubit labels, which maximizes this measure. It is also shown how the elementary monotones may be computed as a function of observable quantities. We compute the magnitude of our measure for the ground state of the four-qubit superconducting experimental system investigated in [M. Grajcar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett._96_, 047006 (2006)], and thus confirm the presence of global entanglement in the ground state.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2006

Four-qubit device with mixed couplings

We present the first experimental results on a device with more than two superconducting qubits. The circuit consists of four three-junction flux qubits, with simultaneous ferro- and antiferromagnetic coupling implemented using shared Josephson junctions. Its response, which is dominated by the ground state, is characterized using low-frequency impedance measurement with a superconducting tank circuit coupled to the qubits. The results are found to be in excellent agreement with the quantum-mechanical predictions.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2005

Possible implementation of adiabatic quantum algorithm with superconducting flux qubits

We show that an LC parametric transducer can be effectively used to monitor an adiabatic evolution of the superconducting flux qubit. We propose a new scheme to measure the qubit's state, which is a quantum nondemolition measurement. The scheme can be easily extended to a three-qubit system, and allows the reading out of the qubits' states while the system remains in the ground state. An implementation of the adiabatic quantum algorithm MAXCUT for three superconducting flux qubits is discussed.

cond-mat.supr-con↗