arXiv subjects

M. Gross

Publications and source records attributed to M. Gross.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

First high peak and average power single-pass THz FEL based on high brightness photoinjector

Advanced experiments using THz pump and X-ray probe pulses at modern free-electron lasers (FELs) like the European X-ray FEL require a frequency-tunable, high-power, narrow-band THz source maintaining the repetition rate and pulse structure of the X-ray pulses. This paper reports the first results from a THz source, that is based on a single-pass high-gain THz FEL operating with a central wavelength of 100 micrometers. The THz FEL prototype is currently in operation at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) and uses the same type of electron source as the European XFEL photo injector. A self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) FEL was envisioned as the main mechanism for generating the THz pulses. Although the THz FEL at PITZ is supposed to use the same mechanism as at X-ray facilities, it cannot be considered as a simple scaling of the radiation wavelength because there is a large difference in the number of electrons per radiation wavelength, which is five orders of magnitude higher for the THz case. The bunching factor arising from the electron beam current profile contributes strongly to the initial spontaneous emission starting the FEL process. Proof-of-principle experiments were done at PITZ using an LCLS-I undulator to generate the first high-power, high-repetition-rate single-pass THz FEL radiation. Electron bunches with a beam energy of ~17 MeV and a bunch charge of up to several nC are used to generate THz pulses with a pulse energy of several tens of microjoules. For example, for an electron beam with a charge of ~2.4 nC, more than 100 microjoules were generated at a central wavelength of 100 micrometers. The narrowband spectrum was also demonstrated by spectral measurements. These proof-of-principle experiments pave the way for a tunable, high-repetition-rate THz source providing pulses with energies in the millijoule range.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2016

Fluctuating Multicomponent Lattice Boltzmann Model

Current implementations of fluctuating lattice Boltzmann equations (FLBE) describe single component fluids. In this paper, a model based on the continuum kinetic Boltzmann equation for describing multicomponent fluids is extended to incorporate the effects of thermal fluctuations. The thus obtained fluctuating Boltzmann equation is first linearized to apply the theory of linear fluctuations, and expressions for the noise covariances are determined by invoking the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) directly at the kinetic level. Crucial for our analysis is the projection of the Boltzmann equation onto the ortho-normal Hermite basis. By integrating in space and time the fluctuating Boltzmann equation with a discrete number of velocities, the FLBE is obtained for both ideal and non-ideal multicomponent fluids. Numerical simulations are specialized to the case where mean-field interactions are introduced on the lattice, indicating a proper thermalization of the system.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2016

Thermal fluctuations of an interface near a contact line

The effect of thermal fluctuations near a contact line of a liquid interface partially wetting an impenetrable substrate is studied analytically and numerically. Promoting both the interface profile and the contact line position to random variables, we explore the equilibrium properties of the corresponding fluctuating contact line problem based on an interfacial Hamiltonian involving a "contact" binding potential. To facilitate an analytical treatment we consider the case of a one-dimensional interface. The effective boundary condition at the contact line is determined by a dimensionless parameter that encodes the relative importance of thermal energy and substrate energy at the microscopic scale. We find that this parameter controls the transition from a partially wetting to a pseudo-partial wetting state, the latter being characterized by a thin prewetting film of fixed thickness. In the partial wetting regime, instead, the profile typically approaches the substrate via an exponentially thinning prewetting film. We show that, independently of the physics at the microscopic scale, Young's angle is recovered sufficiently far from the substrate. The fluctuations of the interface and of the contact line give rise to an effective disjoining pressure, exponentially decreasing with height. Fluctuations therefore provide a regularization of the singular contact forces occurring in the corresponding deterministic problem.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2016

Studies on charge production from Cs2Te photocathodes in the PITZ L-band normal conducting radio frequency photo injector

This paper discusses the behavior of electron bunch charge produced in an L-band normal conducting radio frequency cavity (RF gun) from Cs2Te photocathodes illuminated with ps-long UV laser pulses when the laser transverse distribution consists of a flat-top core with Gaussian-like decaying halo. The produced charge shows a linear dependence at low laser pulse energies as expected in the quantum efficiency limited emission regime, while its dependence on laser pulse energy is observed to be much weaker for higher values, due to space charge limited emission. However, direct plug-in of experimental parameters into the space charge tracking code ASTRA yields lower output charge in the space charge limited regime compared to measured values. The rate of increase of the produced charge at high laser pulse energies close to the space charge limited emission regime seems to be proportional to the amount of halo present in the radial laser profile since the charge from the core has saturated already. By utilizing core + halo particle distributions based on measured radial laser profiles, ASTRA simulations and semi-analytical emission models reproduce the behavior of the measured charge for a wide range of RF gun and laser operational parameters within the measurement uncertainties.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2016

Chirp mitigation of plasma-accelerated beams using a modulated plasma density

Plasma-based accelerators offer the possibility to drive future compact light sources and high-energy physics applications. Achieving good beam quality, especially a small beam energy spread, is still one of the major challenges. For stable transport, the beam is located in the focusing region of the wakefield which covers only the slope of the accelerating field. This, however, imprints a longitudinal energy correlation (chirp) along the bunch. Here, we propose an alternating focusing scheme in the plasma to mitigate the development of this chirp and thus maintain a small energy spread.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2015

Measuring enhanced optical correlations induced by transmission open channels in a slab geometry

Light can be transmitted through disordered media with high efficiency due to the existence of open channels, but quantitative agreement with theory is difficult to obtain because of the large number of channels to control. By measuring, by digital holography, the correlations of the transmitted field, we are able to determine the number of channels involved in transmission. With sample, the number of channels is divided by about 15 with respect to what is expected without sample. This figure is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2014

Multiple reentrant glass transitions in confined hard-sphere glasses

Glass forming liquids exhibit a rich phenomenology upon confinement. This is often related to the effects arising from wall-fluid interactions. Here we focus on the interesting limit where the separation of the confining walls becomes of the order of a few particle diameters. For a moderately polydisperse, densely packed hard-sphere fluid confined between two smooth hard walls, we show via event-driven molecular dynamics simulations the emergence of a multiple reentrant glass transition scenario upon a variation of the wall separation. Using thermodynamic relations, this reentrant phenomenon is shown to persist also under constant chemical potential. This allows straightforward experimental investigation and opens the way to a variety of applications in micro- and nanotechnology, where channel dimensions are comparable to the size of the contained particles. The results are in-line with theoretical predictions obtained by a combination of density functional theory and the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2014

Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration: a path to the future of high-energy particle physics

New acceleration technology is mandatory for the future elucidation of fundamental particles and their interactions. A promising approach is to exploit the properties of plasmas. Past research has focused on creating large-amplitude plasma waves by injecting an intense laser pulse or an electron bunch into the plasma. However, the maximum energy gain of electrons accelerated in a single plasma stage is limited by the energy of the driver. Proton bunches are the most promising drivers of wakefields to accelerate electrons to the TeV energy scale in a single stage. An experimental program at CERN -- the AWAKE experiment -- has been launched to study in detail the important physical processes and to demonstrate the power of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Here we review the physical principles and some experimental considerations for a future proton-driven plasma wakefield accelerator.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2013

Viscous coalescence of droplets: a Lattice Boltzmann study

The coalescence of two resting liquid droplets in a saturated vapor phase is investigated by Lattice Boltzmann simulations in two and three dimensions. We find that, in the viscous regime, the bridge radius obeys a t^{1/2}-scaling law in time with the characteristic time scale given by the viscous time. Our results differ significantly from the predictions of existing analytical theories of viscous coalescence as well as from experimental observations. While the underlying reason for these deviations is presently unknown, a simple scaling argument is given that describes our results well.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2013

Towards a living earth simulator

The Living Earth Simulator (LES) is one of the core components of the FuturICT architecture. It will work as a federation of methods, tools, techniques and facilities supporting all of the FuturICT simulation-related activities to allow and encourage interactive exploration and understanding of societal issues. Society-relevant problems will be targeted by leaning on approaches based on complex systems theories and data science in tight interaction with the other components of FuturICT. The LES will evaluate and provide answers to real-world questions by taking into account multiple scenarios. It will build on present approaches such as agent-based simulation and modeling, multiscale modelling, statistical inference, and data mining, moving beyond disciplinary borders to achieve a new perspective on complex social systems.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2012

Simulation of static critical phenomena in non-ideal fluids with the Lattice Boltzmann method

A fluctuating non-ideal fluid at its critical point is simulated with the Lattice Boltzmann method. It is demonstrated that the method, employing a Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional, correctly reproduces the static critical behavior associated with the Ising universality class. A finite-size scaling analysis is applied to determine the critical exponents related to the order parameter, compressibility and specific heat. A particular focus is put on finite-size effects and issues related to the global conservation of the order-parameter.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2011

Langevin theory of fluctuations in the discrete Boltzmann equation

The discrete Boltzmann equation for both the ideal and a non-ideal fluid is extended by adding Langevin noise terms in order to incorporate the effects of thermal fluctuations. After casting the fluctuating discrete Boltzmann equation in a form appropriate to the Onsager-Machlup theory of linear fluctuations, the statistical properties of the noise are determined by invoking a fluctuation-dissipation theorem at the kinetic level. By integrating the fluctuating discrete Boltzmann equation, the fluctuating lattice Boltzmann equation is obtained, which provides an efficient way to solve the equations of fluctuating hydrodynamics for ideal and non-ideal fluids. Application of the framework to a generic force-based non-ideal fluid model leads to ideal gas-type thermal noise. Simulation results indicate proper thermalization of all degrees of freedom.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2010

Thermal fluctuations in the lattice Boltzmann method for non-ideal fluids

We introduce thermal fluctuations in the lattice Boltzmann method for non-ideal fluids. A fluctuation-dissipation theorem is derived within the Langevin framework and applied to a specific lattice Boltzmann model that approximates the linearized fluctuating Navier-Stokes equations for fluids based on square-gradient free energy functionals. The obtained thermal noise is shown to ensure equilibration of all degrees of freedom in a simulation to high accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that satisfactory results for most practical applications of fluctuating hydrodynamics can already be achieved using thermal noise derived in the long wavelength-limit.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2010

Neutron Halo Isomers in Stable Nuclei and their Possible Application for the Production of Low Energy, Pulsed, Polarized Neutron Beams of High Intensity and High Brilliance

We propose to search for neutron halo isomers populated via $γ$-capture in stable nuclei with mass numbers of about A=140-180 or A=40-60, where the $4s_{1/2}$ or $3s_{1/2}$ neutron shell model state reaches zero binding energy. These halo nuclei can be produced for the first time with new $γ$-beams of high intensity and small band width ($\le$ 0.1%) achievable via Compton back-scattering off brilliant electron beams thus offering a promising perspective to selectively populate these isomers with small separation energies of 1 eV to a few keV. Similar to single-neutron halo states for very light, extremely neutron-rich, radioactive nuclei \cite{hansen95,tanihata96,aumann00}, the low neutron separation energy and short-range nuclear force allows the neutron to tunnel far out into free space much beyond the nuclear core radius. This results in prolonged half lives of the isomers for the $γ$-decay back to the ground state in the 100 ps-$μ$s range. Similar to the treatment of photodisintegration of the deuteron, the neutron release from the neutron halo isomer via a second, low-energy, intense photon beam has a known much larger cross section with a typical energy threshold behavior. In the second step, the neutrons can be released as a low-energy, pulsed, polarized neutron beam of high intensity and high brilliance, possibly being much superior to presently existing beams from reactors or spallation neutron sources.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2010

Introducing the Fission-Fusion Reaction Process: Using a Laser-Accelerated Th Beam to produce Neutron-Rich Nuclei towards the N=126 Waiting Point of the r Process

We propose to produce neutron-rich nuclei in the range of the astrophysical r-process around the waiting point N=126 by fissioning a dense laser-accelerated thorium ion bunch in a thorium target (covered by a CH2 layer), where the light fission fragments of the beam fuse with the light fission fragments of the target. Via the 'hole-boring' mode of laser Radiation Pressure Acceleration using a high-intensity, short pulse laser, very efficiently bunches of 232Th with solid-state density can be generated from a Th layer, placed beneath a deuterated polyethylene foil, both forming the production target. Th ions laser-accelerated to about 7 MeV/u will pass through a thin CH2 layer placed in front of a thicker second Th foil closely behind the production target and disintegrate into light and heavy fission fragments. In addition, light ions (d,C) from the CD2 production target will be accelerated as well to about 7 MeV/u, inducing the fission process of 232Th also in the second Th layer. The laser-accelerated ion bunches with solid-state density, which are about 10^14 times more dense than classically accelerated ion bunches, allow for a high probability that generated fission products can fuse again. In contrast to classical radioactive beam facilities, where intense but low-density radioactive beams are merged with stable targets, the novel fission-fusion process draws on the fusion between neutron-rich, short-lived, light fission fragments both from beam and target. The high ion beam density may lead to a strong collective modification of the stopping power in the target, leading to significant range enhancement. Using a high-intensity laser as envisaged for the ELI-Nuclear Physics project in Bucharest (ELI-NP), estimates promise a fusion yield of about 10^3 ions per laser pulse in the mass range of A=180-190, thus enabling to approach the r-process waiting point at N=126.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2009

Quivers, curves, and the tropical vertex

Elements of the tropical vertex group are formal families of symplectomorphisms of the 2-dimensional algebraic torus. Commutators in the group are related to Euler characteristics of the moduli spaces of quiver representations and the Gromov-Witten theory of toric surfaces. After a short survey of the subject (based on lectures of Pandharipande at the 2009 Geometry summer school in Lisbon), we prove new results about the rays and symmetries of scattering diagrams of commutators (including previous conjectures by Gross-Siebert and Kontsevich). Where possible, we present both the quiver and Gromov-Witten perspectives.

math.AG↗

arXiv1999

Instrumentation for Millimeter-wave Magnetoelectrodynamic Investigations of Low-Dimensional Conductors and Superconductors

We describe instrumentation for conducting high sensitivity millimeter-wave cavity perturbation measurements over a broad frequency range (40-200 GHz) and in the presence of strong magnetic fields (up to 33 tesla). A Millimeter-wave Vector Network Analyzer (MVNA) acts as a continuously tunable microwave source and phase sensitive detector (8-350 GHz), enabling simultaneous measurements of the complex cavity parameters (resonance frequency and Q-value) at a rapid repetition rate (approx. 10 kHz). We discuss the principal of operation of the MVNA and the construction of a probe for coupling the MVNA to various cylindrical resonator configurations which can easily be inserted into a high field magnet cryostat. We also present several experimental results which demonstrate the potential of the instrument for studies of low-dimensional conducting systems.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv1993

A Finiteness Theorem for Elliptic Calabi-Yau Threefolds

We prove that up to birational equivalence, there exists only a finite number of families of Calabi-Yau threefolds (i.e. a threefold with trivial canonical class and factorial terminal singularities) which have an elliptic fibration to a rational surface. This strengthens a result of B. Hunt that there are only a finite number of possible Euler characteristics for such threefolds.

alg-geom↗