arXiv subjects

M. Hashizume

Publications and source records attributed to M. Hashizume.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Exploring the nature of Galactic unassociated sources detected by the Fermi-LAT

We investigate the nature of the unassociated sources detected by the Fermi-LAT close (|b|<10{\deg}) to the Galactic plane, representing 16% of all sources in the 4FGL-DR4 catalog. The bulk of these sources (referred to as soft Galactic unassociated sources, SGUs) exhibit properties not found in known classes of gamma-ray emitters, as confirmed by a machine-learning classification approach. In particular, these properties include a steep, curved spectrum peaking below 1 GeV and a specific Galactic-latitude distribution with both a narrow and a broad component (dubbed the spike and the shoulder, respectively). Some source clusters are highlighted. New plausible source classes are explored, but only star-forming regions are found to account for a significant fraction (at most 10%) of the unassociated population. A thorough search for counterparts to the 175 brightest sources brings out a number of plausible counterparts but does not reveal clues about the nature of the whole population. We investigate the possibility that SGUs originate from mismodeled clumps of diffuse emission. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the SGU spectra can be reproduced in this scenario under an ad hoc condition concerning the clump spatial extension. The possible connection between the SGUs and gas not accounted for by the 12CO tracer is explored using the 13CO MOPRA data but leads to inconclusive results. The origin of SGUs being related to diffuse emission remains plausible. However, a scenario whereby SGUs represent a new class of gamma-ray emitters cannot be fully excluded.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2025

Puzzling Variation of Gamma Rays from the Sun over the Solar Cycle Revealed with Fermi-LAT

The steady-state gamma-ray emission from the Sun is thought to consist of two emission components due to interactions with Galactic cosmic rays: (1) a hadronic disk component, and (2) a leptonic extended component peaking at the solar edge and extending into the heliosphere. The flux of these components is expected to vary with the 11-year solar cycle, being highest during solar minimum and lowest during solar maximum, as it varies with the cosmic-ray flux. No study has yet analyzed the flux variation of each component over solar cycles. In this work, we measure the temporal variations of the flux of each component over 15 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations and compare them with the sunspot number and Galactic cosmic-ray flux from AMS-02 near Earth. We find that the flux variation of the disk anticorrelates with the sunspot number and correlates with cosmic-ray protons, as expected, confirming its emission mechanism. In contrast, the extended component exhibits a more complex variation: despite an initial anticorrelation with the sunspot number, we find neither anticorrelation with the sunspot number nor correlation with cosmic-ray electrons over the full 15-year period. This most likely suggests that cosmic-ray transport and modulation in the inner heliosphere are unexpectedly complex and may differ for electrons and protons or, alternatively, that there is an additional, unknown component of gamma rays or cosmic rays. These findings impact space weather research and emphasize the need for close monitoring of Cycle 25 and the ongoing polarity reversal.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2024

Search for Extended GeV Sources in the Inner Galactic Plane

The recent detection of extended $\gamma$-ray emission around middle-aged pulsars is interpreted as inverse-Compton scattering of ambient photons by electron-positron pairs escaping the pulsar wind nebula, which are confined near the system by unclear mechanisms. This emerging population of $\gamma$-ray sources was first discovered at TeV energies and remains underexplored in the GeV range. To address this, we conducted a systematic search for extended sources along the Galactic plane using 14 years of Fermi-LAT data above 10 GeV, aiming to identify a number of pulsar halo candidates and extend our view to lower energies. The search covered the inner Galactic plane ($\lvert l\rvert\leq$ 100$^{\circ}$, $\lvert b\rvert\leq$ 1$^{\circ}$) and the positions of known TeV sources and bright pulsars, yielding broader astrophysical interest. We found 40 such sources, forming the Second Fermi Galactic Extended Sources Catalog (2FGES), most with 68% containment radii smaller than 1.0$^{\circ}$ and relatively hard spectra with photon indices below 2.5. We assessed detection robustness using field-specific alternative interstellar emission models and by inspecting significance maps. Noting 13 sources previously known as extended in the 4FGL-DR3 catalog and five dubious sources from complex regions, we report 22 newly detected extended sources above 10 GeV. Of these, 13 coincide with H.E.S.S., HAWC, or LHAASO sources; six coincide with bright pulsars (including four also coincident with TeV sources); six are associated with 4FGL point sources only; and one has no association in the scanned catalogs. Notably, six to eight sources may be related to pulsars as classical pulsar wind nebulae or pulsar halos.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2024

GRB 221009A: the B.O.A.T Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays

We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded by 1 s the low-energy (< 10 MeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been observed in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred seconds. It was so bright that we identify a Bad Time Interval (BTI) of 64 seconds caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays, during which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time fraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the extrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 seconds suggests that the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that high-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron origin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra component identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV photon, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally consistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of SSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin is uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an extremely rare event.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2021

Van Hove Singularity and Lifshitz Transition in Thickness-Controlled Li-Intercalated Graphene

We demonstrate a new method to control the Fermi level around the van Hove singularity (VHS) in Li-intercalated graphene on the SiC substrate. By angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observed a clear Lifshitz transition in the vicinity of the VHS by increasing the graphene thickness. This behavior is unexpected in a free-standing Li-intercalated graphene model. The calculation including the substrate suggests that the surface state stabilizes the Fermi level around the VHS of the Dirac bands via hybridization. In addition, we found that a sizable Schottky barrier is formed between graphene and the substrate. These properties allow us to explore the electronic phase diagram around the VHS by controlling the thickness and electric field in the device condition.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗