Diffusive and hydrodynamic magnetotransport around a density perturbation in a two-dimensional electron gas
We study current flow around a density inhomogeneity in a two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The inhomogeneity is parametrized by a power-law tail with an exponent $β> 2$. We show that current and electrochemical potential are exponentially suppressed inside a surrounding area much larger than the geometric size of the perturbation. The corresponding ``no-go'' radius grows as a certain power of the magnetic field. Residual current and potential exhibit spiraling patterns inside the no-go region. Outside of it, they acquire corrections inversely proportional to the distance, which is known as the Landauer resistivity dipole. The Landauer dipole is rotated by the angle $π(1 - 1 / β)$ with respect to the average electric field. The rotation direction depends on whether the local density is raised or lowered. We also consider the effect of electron viscosity and show that the variation of the no-go radius with magnetic field becomes more rapid if viscosity is large enough. The Landauer dipole size is set by the Gurzhi length, which is much larger than the no-go radius, which is in turn much larger than the geometric size of the perturbation. Our results may be useful for interpreting nanoimaging of current distribution in graphene and other two-dimensional systems.