Iodine intercalation in Bi/Ca/Co/O layered cobaltites
This paper has been withdrawn
arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M. Mikami.
This paper has been withdrawn
We have found that various Mn oxides have the universal resistivity and thermopower in the high temperature limit. The resistivities and thermopowers of all the samples go toward constant values of 7$\pm$1 m$Ω$cm and $-79\pm$3 $μ$V/K, which are independent of carrier density and crystal structures. We propose that the electric conduction occurs in a highly localized way in the high temperature limit, where the exchange of entropy and charge occurs in the neighboring Mn$^{3+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$ ions.
Magnetism of layered cobaltites Na$_x$CoO$_2$ with $x$ = 0.6 and 0.9 has been investigated by a positive muon spin rotation and relaxation ($μ^+$SR) spectroscopy together with magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements, using single crystal samples in the temperature range between 250 and 1.8 K. Zero-field (ZF-) $μ^+$SR measurements on Na$_{0.9}$CoO$_2$ indicates a transition from a paramagnetic to an incommensurate spin density wave state at 19 K(=$T_{\sf SDW}$). The anisotropic ZF-$μ^+$SR spectra suggest that the oscillating moments of the {\sf IC-SDW} directs along the c-axis. Since Na$_{0.6}$CoO$_2$ is paramagnetic down to 1.8 K, the magnitude of $T_{\sf SDW}$ is found to strongly depend on $x$.This behavior is well explained using the Hubbard model within a mean field approximation on two-dimensional triangle lattice in the CoO$_2$ plane. Also, both the appearance of the {\sf IC-SDW} state by the change in $x$ and the magnitude of the electronic specific heat parameter of Na$_{0.6}$CoO$_2$ indicate that Na$_x$CoO$_2$ is unlikely to be a typical strongly correlated electron system.
Using muon spin spectroscopy we have found that, for both Na$_x$CoO$_2$ (0.6 $\leq x \leq$ 0.9) and 3- and 4-layer cobaltites, a common low temperature magnetic state (which in some cases is manifest as an incommensurate spin density wave) forms in the CoO$_2$ planes. Here we summarize those results and report a dome-shaped relation between the transition temperature into the low-$T$ magnetic state and the composition $x$ for Na$_x$CoO$_2$ and/or the high-temperature asymptotic limit of thermopower in the more complex 3- and 4-layer cobaltites. This behavior is explained using the Hubbard model on two-dimensional triangular lattice in the CoO$_2$ plane.
Correlations between electrons and the effective dimensionality are crucial factors that shape the properties of an interacting electron system. For example, the onsite Coulomb repulsion, U, may inhibit, or completely block the intersite electron hopping, t, and depending on the ratio U/t, a material may be a metal or an insulator. The correlation effects increase as the number of allowed dimensions decreases. In 3D systems, the low energy electronic states behave as quasiparticles (QP), while in 1D systems, even weak interactions break the quasiparticles into collective excitations. Dimensionality is particularly important for a class of new exotic low-dimensional materials where 1D or 2D building blocks are loosely connected into a 3D whole. Small interactions between the blocks may induce a whole variety of unusual transitions. Here, we examine layered systems that in the direction perpendicular to the layers display a crossover from insulating-like, at high temperatures, to metallic-like character at low temperatures, while being metallic over the whole temperature range within the layers. We show that this change in effective dimensionality correlates with the existence or non-existence of coherent quasiparticles within the layers.