arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M. Novello.
We use a model where the cosmological term can be related to the chiral gauge anomaly of a possible quantum scenario of the initial evolution of the universe. We show that this term is compatible with the Friedmann behavior of the present universe.
We present a new formulation to deal with the consistency problem of a massive spin-2 field in a curved spacetime. Using Fierz variables to represent the spin-2 field, we show how to avoid the arbitrariness and inconsistency that exists in the standard formulation of spin-2 field coupled to gravity. The superiority of the Fierz frame appears explicitly in the combined set of equations for spin-2 field and gravity: it preserves the standard Einstein equations of motion.
Maxwell electrodynamics, considered as a source of the classical Einstein field equations, leads to the singular isotropic Friedmann solutions. We show that this singular behavior does not occur for a class of nonlinear generalizations of the electromagnetic theory. A mathematical toy model is proposed for which the analytical nonsingular extension of FRW solutions is obtained.
The issue of a self-consistent solution of Maxwell-Einstein equations achieves a very simple form when all quantum effects are neglected but a weak vacuum polarization due to an external magnetic field is taken into account. From a semi-classical point of view this means to deal with an appropriate limit of the one-loop effective Lagrangian for electrodynamics. When the corresponding stress-energy tensor is considered as a source of the gravitational field a surprisingly bouncing behavior is obtained. The present toy model leads to important new features which should have taken place in the early universe.
Models in which the gravitational and gauge interactions are unified at ~1 TeV lead to the possibility that large extra dimensions would produce Yukawa-type corrections to the Newtonian gravitational law at small distances. In some models with n = 3 extra dimensions, deviations from Newtonian gravity would occur at separations ~5 nm, a distance scale accessible to an atomic force microscope (AFM). Here we present constraints on the Yukawa corrections derived from the latest AFM Casimir force measurement by Mohideen, et al. which are up to 19 times stronger than those obtained from their previous experiment. We then discuss new designs for AFM experiments which have the potential to significantly improve upon these constraints.
We present a model for a spacetime dependent cosmological {\it constant}. We make a realization of this model based on a possible quantum aspects of the initial stage of the universe and relate the cosmological constant with the chiral anomaly.
Constraints on the Yukawa-type corrections to Newtonian gravitational law are obtained resulting from the measurement of the Casimir force between two crossed cylinders. The new constraints are stronger than those previously derived in the interaction range between 1.5 nm and 11 nm. The maximal strengthening in 300 times is achieved at 4.26 nm. Possible applications of the obtained results to the elementary particle physics are discussed.
In the context of the static and spherically symmetric solution of a charged compact object, we present the expression for the bending of light in the region just outside the event horizon (the dyadosphere) where vacuum polarization effects are taken into account.
The recent ideas that the gravitational and gauge interactions become united at the weak scale lead to Yukawa-type corrections to the Newtonian gravitational law at small distances. We briefly summarize the best constraints on these corrections obtained recently from the experiments on the measurement of the Casimir force. The new constraints on the Yukawa-type interaction are derived from the latest Casimir force measurement between a large gold coated sphere and flat disk using an atomic force microscope. The obtained constraints are stronger up to 19 times comparing the previous experiment with aluminum surfaces and up to 4500 times comparing the Casimir force measurements between dielectrics. The application range of constraints obtained by means of an atomic force microscope is extended.
Using the effective metric formalism for photons in a nonlinear electromagnetic theory, we show that a certain field configuration in Born-Infeld electromagnetism in flat spacetime can be interpreted as an ultrastatic spherically symmetric wormhole. We also discuss some properties of the effective metric that are valid for any field configuration.
Working on the approximation of low frequency, we present the light cone conditions for a class of theories constructed with the two gauge invariants of the Maxwell field without making use of average over polarization states. Different polarization states are thus identified describing birefringence phenomena. We make an application of the formalism to the case of Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian and well know results are obtained.
We study here some consequences of the nonlinearities of the electromagnetic field acting as a source of Einstein's equations on the propagation of photons. We restrict to the particular case of a ``regular black hole'', and show that there exist singularities in the effective geometry. These singularities may be hidden behind a horizon or naked, according to the value of a parameter. Some unusual properties of this solution are also analyzed.
We show that non-linear electrodynamics may induce a photon to follow a closed path in spacetime. We exhibit a specific case in which such closed lightlike curve (CLC) appears
We examine the propagation of gravitational waves in the new field theory of gravitation recently proposed by Novello-De Lorenci-Luciane (NDL). This examination is done on a solvable case corresponding to a spherically symmetric static configuration. We show that in NDL theory the velocity of gravitational waves is lower than light velocity. We point out some consequences of this result and suggest a possible scenario for its verification.
We analyze the propagation of light in the context of nonlinear electrodynamics, as it occurs in modified QED vacua. We show that the corresponding characteristic equation can be described in terms of a modification of the effective geometry of the underlying spacetime structure. We present the general form for this effective geometry and exhibit some new consequences that result from such approach.
We claim that the existence of a mechanism such that photons may be trapped in a compact domain is not an exclusive property of gravitational forces. We show the case in which a non-linear electrodynamics allows such effect. In this latter case we should call this region an Electromagnetic Black Hole (EBH).
In this paper we present a new model for a gauge field theory such that self-interacting spin-one particles can be confined in a compact domain. The necessary conditions to produce the confinement appear already in the properties of the eikonal structure generated by the particular choice of the dynamics. The gluons do not follow along Minkowski null cone and thus can be equivalently interpreted as if they were massive.
General relativity can be formulated either as in its original geometrical version (Einstein, 1915) or as a field theory (Feynman, 1962). In the Feynman presentation of Einstein theory an hypothesis concerning the interaction of gravity to gravity, which was hidden in the original version, becomes explicit. This is nothing but the assumed extension of the validity of the equivalence principle not only for matter-gravity interaction, but also for gravity-gravity. Recently we have presented a field theory of gravity (from here on called the NDL theory) which does not contain such a hypothesis. We have shown that, for this theory, both the cosmological structure and the PPN approximation for the solar tests are satisfied. The proposal of this paper is to go one step further and to show that NDL theory is able to solve the problem of radiation emission by a binary pulsar in the same degree of accuracy as it was done in the GR theory. In the post-Newtonian order of approximation we show that the quadrupole formula of this theory is equal to the corresponding one in general relativity. Thus, the unique actual observable distinction of these theories concerns the velocity of gravitational waves, which becomes then the true ultimate test for gravity theory.