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M. Oberle

Publications and source records attributed to M. Oberle.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Insight into the narrow structure in {\boldmath{$η$}}-photoproduction on the neutron from helicity dependent cross sections

The double polarization observable $E$ and the helicity dependent cross sections $σ_{1/2}$ and $σ_{3/2}$ were measured for $η$ photoproduction from quasi-free protons and neutrons. The circularly polarized tagged photon beam of the A2 experiment at the Mainz MAMI accelerator was used in combination with a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The almost $4π$ detector setup of the Crystal Ball and TAPS is ideally suited to detect the recoil nucleons and the decay photons from $η\rightarrow 2γ$ and $η\rightarrow 3π^0$. The results show that the narrow structure previously observed in $η$ photoproduction from the neutron is only apparent in $σ_{1/2}$ and hence, most likely related to a spin-1/2 amplitude. Nucleon resonances that contribute to this partial wave in $η$ production are only $N1/2^-$ ($S_{11}$) and $N1/2^+$ ($P_{11}$). Furthermore, the extracted Legendre coefficients of the angular distributions for $σ_{1/2}$ are in good agreement with recent reaction model predictions assuming a narrow resonance in the $P_{11}$ wave as the origin of this structure.

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Determination of the scalar polarizabilities of the proton using beam asymmetry $Σ_{3}$ in Compton scattering

The scalar dipole polarizabilities, $α_{E1}$ and $β_{M1}$, are fundamental properties related to the internal dynamics of the nucleon. The currently accepted values of the proton polarizabilities were determined by fitting to unpolarized proton Compton scattering cross section data. The measurement of the beam asymmetry $Σ_{3}$ in a certain kinematical range provides an alternative approach to the extraction of the scalar polarizabilities. At the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) the beam asymmetry was measured for Compton scattering below pion photoproduction threshold for the first time. The results are compared with model calculations and the influence of the experimental data on the extraction of the scalar polarizabilities is determined.

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Study of $η$ and $η'$ photoproduction at MAMI

The reactions $γp\to ηp$ and $γp\to η' p$ have been measured from their thresholds up to the center-of-mass energy $W=1.96$GeV with the tagged-photon facilities at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. Differential cross sections were obtained with unprecedented accuracy, providing fine energy binning and full production-angle coverage. A strong cusp is observed in the total cross section and excitation functions for $η$ photoproduction at the energies in vicinity of the $η'$ threshold, $W=1896$MeV ($E_γ=1447$MeV). This behavior is explained in a revised $η$MAID isobar model by a significant branching of the $N(1895)1/2^-$ nucleon resonance to both, $ηp$ and $η' p$, confirming the existence and constraining the properties of this poorly known state.

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Photoproduction ofeta-pi pairs off nucleons and deuterons

Quasi-free photoproduction of $πη$-pairs has been investigated from threshold up to incident photon energies of 1.4 GeV, respectively up to photon-nucleon invariant masses up to 1.9 GeV. Total cross sections, angular distributions, invariant-mass distributions of the $πη$ and meson-nucleon pairs, and beam-helicity asymmetries have been measured for the reactions $γp\rightarrow pπ^0η$, $γn\rightarrow nπ^0η$, $γp\rightarrow nπ^+η$, and $γn\rightarrow pπ^-η$ from nucleons bound inside the deuteron. For the $γp$ initial state data for free protons have also been analyzed. Finally, the total cross sections for quasi-free production of $π^0η$ pairs from nucleons bound in $^3$He nuclei have been investigated in view of final state interaction (FSI) effects. The experiments were performed at the tagged photon beam facility of the Mainz MAMI accelerator using an almost $4π$ covering electromagnetic calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. The shapes of all differential cross section data and the asymmetries are very similar for protons and neutrons and agree with the conjecture that the reactions are dominated by the sequential $Δ^{\star}3/2^-\rightarrowηΔ(1232)\rightarrowπηN$ decay chain, mainly with $Δ(1700)3/2^-$ and $Δ(1940)3/2^-$. The ratios of the magnitude of the total cross sections also agree with this assumption. However, the absolute magnitudes of the cross sections are reduced by FSI effects with respect to free proton data.

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Photon asymmetry measurements of $\overrightarrowγ \mathrm{p} \rightarrow π^{0} \mathrm{p}$ for E$_γ$=320$-$650 MeV

High statistics measurements of the photon asymmetry $\mathrmΣ$ for the $\overrightarrowγ$p$\rightarrowπ^{0}$p reaction have been made in the center of mass energy range W=1214-1450 MeV. The data were measured with the MAMI A2 real photon beam and Crystal Ball/TAPS detector systems in Mainz, Germany. The results significantly improve the existing world data and are shown to be in good agreement with previous measurements, and with the MAID, SAID, and Bonn-Gatchina predictions. We have also combined the photon asymmetry results with recent cross-section measurements from Mainz to calculate the profile functions, $\check{\mathrmΣ}$ (= $σ_{0}\mathrmΣ$), and perform a moment analysis. Comparison with calculations from the Bonn-Gatchina model shows that the precision of the data is good enough to further constrain the higher partial waves, and there is an indication of interference between the very small $F$-waves and the $N(1520) 3/2^{-}$ and $N(1535) 1/2^{-}$ resonances.

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Photoproduction of $π^0$-pairs off protons and off neutrons

Total cross sections, angular distributions, and invariant-mass distributions have been measured for the photoproduction of $π^0π^0$ pairs off free protons and off nucleons bound in the deuteron. The experiments were performed at the MAMI accelerator facility in Mainz using the Glasgow photon tagging spectrometer and the Crystal Ball/TAPS detector. The accelerator delivered electron beams of 1508 and 1557~MeV, which produced bremsstrahlung in thin radiator foils. The tagged photon beam covered energies up to 1400~MeV. The data from the free proton target are in good agreement with previous measurements and were only used to test the analysis procedures. The results for differential cross sections (angular distributions and invariant-mass distributions) for free and quasi-free protons are almost identical in shape, but differ in absolute magnitude up to 15\%. Thus, moderate final-state interaction effects are present. The data for quasi-free neutrons are similar to the proton data in the second resonance region (final state invariant masses up to $\approx$1550~MeV), where both reactions are dominated by the $N(1520)3/2^-\rightarrow Δ(1232)3/2^+π$ decay. At higher energies, angular and invariant-mass distributions are different. A simple analysis of the shapes of the invariant-mass distributions in the third resonance region is consistent with strong contributions of an $N^{\star}\rightarrow Nσ$ decay for the proton, while the reaction is dominated by a sequential decay via a $Δπ$ intermediate state for the neutron. The data are compared to predictions from the Two-Pion-MAID model and the Bonn-Gatchina coupled channel analysis.

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Measurement of pi^0 photoproduction on the proton at MAMI C

Differential cross sections for the gamma p -> pi^0 p reaction have been measured with the A2 tagged-photon facilities at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI C, up to the center-of-mass energy W=1.9 GeV. The new results, obtained with a fine energy and angular binning, increase the existing quantity of pi^0 photoproduction data by ~47%. Owing to the unprecedented statistical accuracy and the full angular coverage, the results are sensitive to high partial-wave amplitudes. This is demonstrated by the decomposition of the differential cross sections in terms of Legendre polynomials and by further comparison to model predictions. A new solution of the SAID partial-wave analysis obtained after adding the new data into the fit is presented.

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The isospin structure of photoproduction of pi-eta pairs from the nucleon in the threshold region

Photoproduction of $πη$-pairs from nucleons has been investigated from threshold up to incident photon energies of $\approx$~1.4~GeV. The quasi-free reactions $γp\rightarrow pπ^0η$, $γn\rightarrow nπ^0η$, $γp\rightarrow nπ^+η$, and $γn\rightarrow pπ^-η$ were for the first time measured from nucleons bound in the deuteron. The corresponding reactions from a free-proton target were also studied to investigate final-state interaction effects (for neutral pions the free-proton results could be compared to previous measurements; the $γp\rightarrow nπ^+η$ reaction was measured for the first time). For the $π^0η$ final state coherent production via the $γd\rightarrow dπ^0η$ reaction was also investigated. The experiments were performed at the tagged photon beam of the Mainz MAMI accelerator using an almost $4π$ coverage electromagnetic calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. The total cross sections for the four different final states obey the relation $σ(pπ^0η)$ $\approx$ $σ(nπ^0η)$ $\approx$ $2σ(pπ^-η)$ $\approx$ $2σ(nπ^+η)$ as expected for a dominant contribution from a $Δ^{\star}\rightarrowηΔ(1232)\rightarrowπηN$ reaction chain, which is also supported by the shapes of the invariant-mass distributions of nucleon-meson and $π$-$η$ pairs. The experimental results are compared to the predictions from an isobar reaction model.

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First measurement of target and beam-target asymmetries in the $γp\to π^0ηp$ reaction

The first data on target and beam-target asymmetries for the $γp\toπ^0ηp$ reaction at photon energies from 1050 up to 1450 MeV are presented. The measurements were performed using the Crystal Ball and TAPS detector setup at the Glasgow tagged photon facility of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The general assumption that the reaction is dominated by the $Δ3/2^-$ amplitude is confirmed. The data are in particular sensitive to small contributions from other partial waves.

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Measurements of Double-Polarized Compton Scattering Asymmetries and Extraction of the Proton Spin Polarizabilities

The spin polarizabilities of the nucleon describe how the spin of the nucleon responds to an incident polarized photon. The most model-independent way to measure the nucleon spin polarizabilities is through polarized Compton scattering. Double-polarized Compton scattering asymmetries on the proton were measured in the $Δ(1232)$ region using circularly polarized incident photons and a transversely polarized proton target at the Mainz Microtron. Fits to asymmetry data were performed using a dispersion model calculation and a baryon chiral perturbation theory calculation, and a separation of all four proton spin polarizabilities in the multipole basis was achieved. The analysis based on a dispersion model calculation yields $γ_{E1E1} = -3.5 \pm 1.2$, $γ_{M1M1}= 3.16 \pm 0.85$, $γ_{E1M2} = -0.7 \pm 1.2$, and $γ_{M1E2} = 1.99 \pm 0.29$, in units of $10^{-4}$ fm$^4$.

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A new measurement of the neutron detection efficiency for the NaI Crystal Ball detector

We report on a measurement of the neutron detection efficiency in NaI crystals in the Crystal Ball detector obtained from a study of single p0 photoproduction on deuterium using the tagged photon beam at the Mainz Microtron. The results were obtained up to a neutron energy of 400 MeV. They are compared to previous measurements made more than 15 years ago at the pion beam at the BNL AGS.

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Measurement of the transverse target and beam-target asymmetries in $η$ meson photoproduction at MAMI

We present new data for the transverse target asymmetry T and the very first data for the beam-target asymmetry F in the $\vec γ\vec p\toηp$ reaction up to a center-of-mass energy of W=1.9 GeV. The data were obtained with the Crystal-Ball/TAPS detector setup at the Glasgow tagged photon facility of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. All existing model predictions fail to reproduce the new data indicating a significant impact on our understanding of the underlying dynamics of $η$ meson photoproduction. The peculiar nodal structure observed in existing T data close to threshold is not confirmed.

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Quasifree photoproduction of $η$ mesons off protons and neutrons

Differential and total cross sections for the quasifree reactions $γp\rightarrowηp$ and $γn\rightarrowηn$ have been determined at the MAMI-C electron accelerator using a liquid deuterium target. Photons were produced via bremsstrahlung from the 1.5 GeV incident electron beam and energy-tagged with the Glasgow photon tagger. Decay photons of the neutral decay modes $η\rightarrow 2γ$ and $η\rightarrow 3π^0 \rightarrow 6γ$ and coincident recoil nucleons were detected in a combined setup of the Crystal Ball and the TAPS calorimeters. The $η$-production cross sections were measured in coincidence with recoil protons, recoil neutrons, and in an inclusive mode without a condition on recoil nucleons, which allowed a check of the internal consistency of the data. The effects from nuclear Fermi motion were removed by a kinematic reconstruction of the final-state invariant mass and possible nuclear effects on the quasifree cross section were investigated by a comparison of free and quasifree proton data. The results, which represent a significant improvement in statistical quality compared to previous measurements, agree with the known neutron-to-proton cross-section ratio in the peak of the $S_{11}(1535)$ resonance and confirm a peak in the neutron cross section, which is absent for the proton, at a center-of-mass energy $W = (1670\pm 5)$ MeV with an intrinsic width of $Γ\approx 30$ MeV.

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$K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ photoproduction with fine center-of-mass energy resolution

Measurements of $γp \rightarrow K^{+} Λ$ and $γp \rightarrow K^{+} Σ^0$ cross-sections have been obtained with the photon tagging facility and the Crystal Ball calorimeter at MAMI-C. The measurement uses a novel $K^+$ meson identification technique in which the weak decay products are characterized using the energy and timing characteristics of the energy deposit in the calorimeter, a method that has the potential to be applied at many other facilities. The fine center-of-mass energy ($W$) resolution and statistical accuracy of the new data results in a significant impact on partial wave analyses aiming to better establish the excitation spectrum of the nucleon. The new analyses disfavor a strong role for quark-diquark dynamics in the nucleon.

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A new measurement of the rare decay eta -> pi^0 gamma gamma with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detectors at the Mainz Microtron

A new measurement of the rare, doubly radiative decay eta->pi^0 gamma gamma was conducted with the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. New data on the dependence of the partial decay width, Gamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma), on the two-photon invariant mass squared, m^2(gamma gamma), as well as a new, more precise value for the decay width, Gamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma) = (0.33+/-0.03_tot) eV, are based on analysis of 1.2 x 10^3 eta->pi^0 gamma gamma decays from a total of 6 x 10^7 eta mesons produced in the gamma p -> eta p reaction. The present results for dGamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma)/dm^2(gamma gamma) are in good agreement with previous measurements and recent theoretical calculations for this dependence.

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Measurement of the g p -> K^0 Sigma^+ reaction with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detectors at the Mainz Microtron

The g p -> K^0 Sigma^+ reaction has been measured from threshold to Eg=1.45 GeV (W_cm=1.9 GeV) using the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. In the present experiment, this reaction was searched for in the 3pi^0 p final state, by assuming K^0_S -> pi^0 pi^0 and Sigma^+ -> pi^0 p. The experimental results include total and differential cross sections as well as the polarization of the recoil hyperon. The new data significantly improve empirical knowledge about the g p -> K^0 Sigma^+ reaction in the measured energy range. The results are compared to previous measurements and model predictions. It is demonstrated that adding the present g p -> K^0 Sigma^+ results to existing data allowed a better description of this reaction with various models.

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Photoproduction of pi0-mesons off neutrons in the nucleon resonance region

Precise angular distributions have been measured for the first time for the photoproduction of $π^{0}$-mesons off neutrons bound in the deuteron. The effects from nuclear Fermi motion have been eliminated by a complete kinematic reconstruction of the final state. The influence of final-state-interaction effects has been estimated by a comparison of the reaction cross section for quasi-free protons bound in the deuteron to the results for free protons and then applied as a correction to the quasi-free neutron data. The experiment was performed at the tagged photon facility of the Mainz Microtron MAMI with the Crystal Ball and TAPS detector setup for incident photon energies between $0.45$~GeV and $1.4$~GeV. The results are compared to the predictions from reaction models and partial-wave analyses based on data from other isospin channels. The model predictions show large discrepancies among each other and the present data will provide much tighter constraints. This is demonstrated by the results of a new analysis in the framework of the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis which included the present data.

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Measurement of the beam-helicity asymmetry $I^{\odot}$ in the photoproduction of $π^0π^{\pm}$-pairs off protons and off neutrons

Beam-helicity asymmetries have been measured at the MAMI accelerator in Mainz for the photoproduction of mixed-charge pion pairs in the reactions $\boldsymbolγp\rightarrow nπ^0π^+$ off free protons and $\boldsymbolγd\rightarrow (p)pπ^0π^-$ and $\boldsymbolγd\rightarrow (n)nπ^0π^+$ off quasi-free nucleons bound in the deuteron for incident photon energies up to 1.4 GeV. Circularly polarized photons were produced from bremsstrahlung of longitudinally polarized electrons and tagged with the Glasgow-Mainz magnetic spectrometer. The charged pions, recoil protons, recoil neutrons, and decay photons from $π^0$ mesons were detected in the 4$π$ electromagnetic calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. Using a complete kinematic reconstruction of the final state, excellent agreement was found between the results for free and quasi-free protons, suggesting that the quasi-free neutron results are also a close approximation of the free-neutron asymmetries. A comparison of the results to the predictions of the Two-Pion-MAID reaction model shows that the reaction mechanisms are still not well understood, in particular at low incident photon energies in the second nucleon-resonance region.

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