Many-body trial wave functions for atomic systems and ground states of small noble gas clusters
Clusters of sizes ranging from two to five are studied by variational quantum Monte Carlo techniques. The clusters consist of Ar, Ne and hypothetical lighter (``$1 \over 2$-Ne") atoms. A general form of trial function is developed for which the variational bias is considerably smaller than the statistical error of currently available diffusion Monte Carlo estimates. The trial functions are designed by a careful analysis of long- and short-range behavior as a function of inter-atomic distance; at intermediate distances, on the order of the average nearest neighbor distance, the trial functions are constructed to have considerable variational freedom. A systematic study of the relative importance of $n$-body contributions to the quality of the optimized trial wave function is made with $2\le n \le 5$. Algebraic invariants are employed to deal efficiently with the many-body interactions.