arXiv subjects

M. Steiner

Publications and source records attributed to M. Steiner.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2010

Scalable quantum register based on coupled electron spins in a room temperature solid

Realization of devices based on quantum laws might lead to building processors that outperform their classical analogues and establishing unconditionally secure communication protocols. Solids do usually present a serious challenge to quantum coherence. However, owing to their spin-free lattice and low spin orbit coupling, carbon materials and particularly diamond are suitable for hosting robust solid state quantum registers. We show that scalable quantum logic elements can be realized by exploring long range magnetic dipolar coupling between individually addressable single electron spins associated with separate color centers in diamond. Strong distance dependence of coupling was used to characterize the separation of single qubits 98 A with unprecedented accuracy (3 A) close to a crystal lattice spacing. Our demonstration of coherent control over both electron spins, conditional dynamics, selective readout as well as switchable interaction, opens the way towards a room temperature solid state scalable quantum register. Since both electron spins are optically addressable, this solid state quantum device operating at ambient conditions provides a degree of control that is currently available only for atomic systems.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2009

Universal enhancement of the optical readout fidelity of single electron spins

Precise readout of spin states is crucial for any approach towards physical realization of a spin-based quantum computer and for magnetometry with single spins. Here, we report a new method to strongly improve the optical readout fidelity of electron spin states associated with single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced significantly by performing conditional flip-flop processes between the electron spin and the nuclear spin of the NV center's nitrogen atom. The enhanced readout procedure is triggered by a short preparatory pulse sequence. As the nitrogen nuclear spin is intrinsically present in the system, this method is universally applicable to any nitrogen-vacancy center.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2006

The (t,3He) and (3He,t) reactions as probes of Gamow-Teller strength

Charge-exchange reactions are an important tool for determining weak-interaction rates. They provide stringent tests for nuclear structure models necessary for modeling astrophysical environments such as neutron stars and core-collapse supernovae. In anticipation of (t,3He) experiments at 115 MeV/nucleon on nuclei of relevance (A~40-120) in the late evolution of stars, it is shown via a study of the 26Mg(t,3He) reaction that this probe is an accurate tool for extracting Gamow-Teller transition strengths. To do so, the data are complemented by results from the 26Mg(3He,t) reaction at 140 MeV/nucleon which allows for a comparison of T=2 analog states excited via the mirror reactions. Extracted Gamow-Teller strengths from 26Mg(t,3He) and 26Mg(3He,t) are compared with those from 26Mg(d,2He) and 26Mg(p,n) studies, respectively. A good correspondence is found, indicating probe-independence of the strength extraction. Furthermore, we test shell-model calculations using the new USD-05B interaction in the sd-model space and show that it reproduces the experimental Gamow-Teller strength distributions well. A second goal of this work is to improve the understanding of the (t,3He) and (3He,t) reaction mechanisms at intermediate energies since detailed studies are scarce. The Distorted-Wave Born Approximation is employed, taking into account the composite structures of the 3He and triton particles. The reaction model provides the means to explain systematic uncertainties at the 10-20% level in the extraction of Gamow-Teller strengths as being due to interference between Gamow-Teller dL=0, dS=1 and dL=2, dS=1 amplitudes that both contribute to transitions from 0+ to 1+ states.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2006

Measurement of the Gamow-Teller Strength Distribution in 58Co via the 58Ni(t,3He) reaction at 115 MeV/nucleon

Electron capture and beta decay play important roles in the evolution of pre-supernovae stars and their eventual core collapse. These rates are normally predicted through shell-model calculations. Experimentally determined strength distributions from charge-exchange reactions are needed to test modern shell-model calculations. We report on the measurement of the Gamow-Teller strength distribution in 58Co from the 58Ni(t,3He) reaction with a secondary triton beam of an intensity of ~10^6 pps at 115 MeV/nucleon and a resolution of \~250 keV. Previous measurements with the 58Ni(n,p) and the 58Ni(d,2He) reactions were inconsistent with each other. Our results support the latter. We also compare the results to predictions of large-scale shell model calculations using the KB3G and GXPF1 interactions and investigate the impact of differences between the various experiments and theories in terms of the weak rates in the stellar environment. Finally, the systematic uncertainties in the normalization of the strength distribution extracted from 58Ni(3He,t) are described and turn out to be non-negligible due to large interferences between the dL=0, dS=1 Gamow-Teller amplitude and the dL=2, dS=1 amplitude.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2005

Reaction and proton-removal cross sections of $^6$Li, $^7$Be, $^{10}$B, $^{9,10,11}$C, $^{12$N, $^{13,15}$O and $^{17}$Ne on Si at 15 to 53 MeV/nucleon

Excitation functions for total reaction cross sections, $σ_R$, were measured for the light, mainly proton-rich nuclei $^6$Li, $^7$Be, $^{10}$B, $^{9,10,11}$C, $^{12}$N, $^{13,15}$O, and $^{17}$Ne incident on a Si telescope at energies between 15 and 53 MeV/nucleon. The telescope served as target, energy degrader and detector. Proton-removal cross sections, $σ_{2p}$ for $^{17}$Ne and $σ_p$ for most of the other projectiles, were also measured. The strong absorption model reproduces the $A$-dependence of $σ_R$, but not the detailed structure. Glauber multiple scattering theory and the JLM folding model provided improved descriptions of the measured $σ_R$ values. $rms$ radii, extracted from the measured $σ_R$ using the optical limit of Glauber theory, are in good agreement with those obtained from high energy data. One-proton removal reactions are described using an extended Glauber model, incorporating second order noneikonal corrections, realistic single particle densities, and spectroscopic factors from shell model calculations.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2005

Half Life of the Doubly-magic r-Process Nucleus 78Ni

Nuclei with magic numbers serve as important benchmarks in nuclear theory. In addition, neutron-rich nuclei play an important role in the astrophysical rapid neutron-capture process (r-process). 78Ni is the only doubly-magic nucleus that is also an important waiting point in the r-process, and serves as a major bottleneck in the synthesis of heavier elements. The half-life of 78Ni has been experimentally deduced for the first time at the Coupled Cyclotron Facility of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University, and was found to be 110 (+100 -60) ms. In the same experiment, a first half-life was deduced for 77Ni of 128 (+27 -33) ms, and more precise half-lives were deduced for 75Ni and 76Ni of 344 (+20 -24) ms and 238 (+15 -18) ms respectively.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2000

Crossing the Dripline to 11N Using Elastic Resonance Scattering

The level structure of the unbound nucleus 11N has been studied by 10C+p elastic resonance scattering in inverse geometry with the LISE3 spectrometer at GANIL, using a 10C beam with an energy of 9.0 MeV/u. An additional measurement was done at the A1200 spectrometer at MSU. The excitation function above the 10C+p threshold has been determined up to 5 MeV. A potential-model analysis revealed three resonance states at energies 1.27 (+0.18-0.05) MeV (Gamma=1.44 +-0.2 MeV), 2.01(+0.15-0.05) MeV, (Gamma=0.84 +-$0.2 MeV) and 3.75(+-0.05) MeV, (Gamma=0.60 +-0.05 MeV) with the spin-parity assignments I(pi) =1/2+, 1/2- and 5/2+, respectively. Hence, 11N is shown to have a ground state parity inversion completely analogous to its mirror partner, 11Be. A narrow resonance in the excitation function at 4.33 (+-0.05) MeV was also observed and assigned spin-parity 3/2-.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv1998

Statistical properties of localisation--delocalisation transition in one dimension

We study a one-dimensional model of disordered electrons (also relevant for random spin chains), which exhibits a delocalisation transition at half-filling. Exact probability distribution functions for the Wigner time and transmission coefficient are calculated. We identify and distinguish those features of probability densities that are due to rare, trapping configurations of the random potential from those which are due to the proximity to the delocalisation transition.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv1998

Measurement of E2 Transitions in the Coulomb Dissociation of 8B

In an effort to understand the implications of Coulomb dissociation experiments for the determination of the 7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction rate, longitudinal momentum distributions of 7Be fragments produced in the Coulomb dissociation of 44 and 81 MeV/nucleon 8B beams on a Pb target were measured. These distributions are characterized by asymmetries interpreted as the result of interference between E1 and E2 transition amplitudes in the Coulomb breakup. At the lower beam energy, both the asymmetries and the measured cross sections are well reproduced by perturbation theory calculations, allowing a determination of the E2 strength.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv1997

Random Mass Dirac Fermions in Doped Spin-Peierls and Spin-Ladder systems: One-Particle Properties and Boundary Effects

Quasi-one-dimensional spin-Peierls and spin-ladder systems are characterized by a gap in the spin-excitation spectrum, which can be modeled at low energies by that of Dirac fermions with a mass. In the presence of disorder these systems can still be described by a Dirac fermion model, but with a random mass. Some peculiar properties, like the Dyson singularity in the density of states, are well known and attributed to creation of low-energy states due to the disorder. We take one step further and study single-particle correlations by means of Berezinskii's diagram technique. We find that, at low energy $ε$, the single-particle Green function decays in real space like $G(x,ε) \propto (1/x)^{3/2}$. It follows that at these energies the correlations in the disordered system are strong -- even stronger than in the pure system without the gap. Additionally, we study the effects of boundaries on the local density of states. We find that the latter is logarithmically (in the energy) enhanced close to the boundary. This enhancement decays into the bulk as $1/\sqrt{x}$ and the density of states saturates to its bulk value on the scale $L_ε\propto \ln^2 (1/ε)$. This scale is different from the Thouless localization length $λ_ε\propto\ln (1/ε)$. We also discuss some implications of these results for the spin systems and their relation to the investigations based on real-space renormalization group approach.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv1996

The effect of magnetic dipolar interactions on the interchain spin wave dispersion in CsNiF_3

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements were performed on the ferromagnetic chain system CsNiF_3 in the collinear antiferromagnetic ordered state below T_N = 2.67K. The measured spin wave dispersion was found to be in good agreement with linear spin wave theory including dipolar interactions. The additional dipole tensor in the Hamiltonian was essential to explain some striking phenomena in the measured spin wave spectrum: a peculiar feature of the dispersion relation is a jump at the zone center, caused by strong dipolar interactions in this system. The interchain exchange coupling constant and the planar anisotropy energy were determined within the present model to be J'/k_B = -0.0247(12)K and A/k_B = 3.3(1)K. This gives a ratio J/J' \approx 500, using the previously determined intrachain coupling constant J/k_B = 11.8$. The small exchange energy J' is of the same order as the dipolar energy, which implies a strong competition between the both interactions.

cond-mat↗