Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

M. Tavani

Publications and source records attributed to M. Tavani.

212 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

Long-Term Flux Monitoring of LSI +61 303 at 2.25 and 8.3 GHz

LSI +61 303 is an exotic binary system consisting of a ~10 Msun B star and a compact object which is probably a neutron star. The system is associated with the interesting radio source GT0236+610 that exhibits bright radio outbursts with a period of 26.5 days. We report the results of continuous daily radio interferometric observations of GT0236+610 at 2.25 and 8.3 GHz from 1994 January to 1996 February. The observations cover 25 complete (and 3 partial) cycles with multiple observations each day. We detect substantial cycle-to-cycle variability of the radio emission characterized by a rapid onset of the radio flares followed by a more gradual decrease of the emission. We detect a systematic change of the radio spectral index alpha which typically becomes larger than zero at the onset of the radio outbursts. This behavior is suggestive of expansion of material initially optically thick to radio frequencies, indicating either that synchrotron or inverse Compton cooling are important or that the free-free optical depth to the source is rapidly changing. After two years of observations, we see only weak evidence for the proposed 4-year periodic modulation in the peak flux of the outbursts. We observe a secular trend in the outburst phases according the the best published ephemeris. This trend indicates either orbital period evolution, or a drift in outburst orbital phase in response to some other change in the system.

astro-ph↗

HST Data Suggest Proper Motion for the Optical Counterpart of GRB 970228

After a quarter of a century of gamma-ray burst (GRB) astronomy, the Italian-Dutch satellite BeppoSAX on Feb 28th, 1997 detected a soft X-ray afterglow from GRB 970228 and positioned it accurately. This made possible the successful detection of an optical transient. Two public Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of the GRB/optical transient region were taken on March 26th and April 7th, 1997. They are analyzed here, with the purpose of understanding the nature of GRB 970228. We find that the position of the faint point-like object V ~ 26 seen at the transient location changed by 0.40 +/-0.10 pixels in 12 days, corresponding to a proper motion of ~ 550 mas/year. By comparison, four adjacent sources in the same field do not show any significant displacement, with astrometric residuals close to zero and average absolute displacements less than 0.09 pixels. If confirmed, this result would strongly support the galactic nature of GRB 970228.

astro-ph↗

X-ray afterglows from gamma-ray bursts

We consider possible interpretations of the recently detected X- ray afterglow from the gamma-ray burst source GRB 970228. Cosmological and Galactic models of gamma-ray bursts predict different flux and spectral evolution of X-ray afterglows. We show that models based on adiabatic expansion of relativistic forward shocks require very efficient particle energization or post-burst re-acceleration during the expansion. Cooling neutron star models predict a very distinctive spectral and flux evolution that can be tested in current X-ray data.

astro-ph↗

Discovery of a non-blazar gamma-ray transient near the Galactic plane: GRO J1838-04

We report the discovery of a remarkable gamma-ray transient source near the Galactic plane, GRO J1838-04. This source was serendipitously discovered by EGRET in June 1995 with a peak intensity of 4 E(-6) ph/cm/cm/s (for photon energies larger than 100 MeV) and a 5.9 sigma significance. At that time, GRO J1838-04 was the second brightest gamma-ray source in the sky. A subsequent EGRET pointing in late September 1995 detected the source at a flux smaller than its peak value by a factor of 7. We determined that no radio-loud spectrally-flat blazar is within the error box of GRO J1838-04. We discuss the origin of the \ggg-ray transient source and show that interpretations in terms of AGNs or isolated pulsars are highly problematic. GRO J1838-04 provides strong evidence for the existence of a new class of variable gamma-ray sources.

astro-ph↗

Monitoring the Gamma-Ray Source 2CG 135+1 and the Radio Star LSI+61 303

We report the results of a CGRO multi-instrument series of observations of the unidentified gamma-ray source 2CG 135+1 and of its possible counterpart, the peculiar radio source GT 0236+610 coincident with the Be star LSI+61 303. We monitored the time variable radio source GT 0236+610 during the CGRO observations. OSSE and COMPTEL data were obtained during the period May-June 1994, and BATSE data for the period April 1994-January 1995. We discuss the time variability of the gamma-ray emission and spectral properties of 2CG~135+1. Understanding the nature of 2CG 135+1 may be of crucial importance for the interpretation of a class of unidentified time variable gamma-ray sources in the Galaxy.

astro-ph↗

High-Energy Emission from the PSR B1259-63 System near Periastron

We report the results of a CGRO 3-week observation of the binary system containing the 47 ms pulsar PSR B1259-63 orbiting around a Be star companion in a very eccentric orbit. The PSR B1259-63 binary is a unique system for the study of the interaction of a rapidly rotating pulsar with time-variable nebular surroundings. CGRO observed the PSR B1259-63 system in coincidence with its most recent periastron passage (January 3-23, 1994). Unpulsed and non-thermal hard X-ray emission was detected up to 200 keV, with a photon index $1.8 \pm 0.2$ and a flux of ~4 mCrab, corresponding to a luminosity of a few 10^{34} erg/s at the distance of 2 kpc. The hard X-ray flux and spectrum detected by CGRO agrees with the X-ray emission measured by simultaneous ASCA observations. EGRET upper limits are significant, and exclude strong inverse Compton cooling in the PSR B1259-63 system. We interpret the observed non-thermal emission as synchrotron radiation of shocked electron/positron pairs of the relativistic pulsar wind interacting with the mass outflow from the Be star. Our results clearly indicate, for the first time in a binary pulsar, that high energy emission can be shock-powered rather than caused by accretion. The lack of X-ray/gamma-ray pulsations constrains models of high-energy emission from rapidly rotating pulsars.

astro-ph↗

X-Ray Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts

X-ray emission can provide a crucial diagnostic of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We calculate the X-ray and gamma-ray spectra of impulsive acceleration episodes related to GRB pulses. We use the synchrotron shock model (SSM) as a basis of our calculations. We show that the current data on soft-to-hard emission ratios of GRB pulse emission are in agreement with the SSM. In particular, GRB pulse emission detected by GINGA is in agreement with the SSM low-energy spectra. We deduce that GINGA detected the majority of bright GRBs detectable by BATSE. These results indicate that the physical environment surrounding the GRB emission site is optically thin to X-ray photon energies. We also calculate emission ratios in the Einstein, ROSAT, SAX and HETE energy bands, and discuss how future information on simultaneous soft/hard GRB emission can contribute in distinguishing different emission models. Two different components of X-ray emission may simultaneously exist in a fraction of GRBs. One component is clearly associated with the individual GRB pulses, and an additional component may be related to the pulse X-ray spectral upturns and/or the precursors/tails occasionally observed. We also show that a meaningful search of GRB-driven X-ray flashes in Andromeda (M31) can be carried out with existing ROSAT data and future SAX Wide Field Camera observations.

astro-ph↗

Dual Nature of Hard X-Ray Outbursts from the Superluminal X-Ray Transient Source GRO J1655-40

We report the results of multiwavelength observations of the superluminal X-ray transient GRO J1655-40 during and following the prominent hard X-ray outburst of March-April 1995. GRO J1655-40 was continuously monitored by BATSE on board CGRO, and repeatedly observed in the radio and optical bands from the ground. About a month after the onset of the hard X-ray outburst, GRO J1655-40 was observed twice by HST on April 25 and 27 1995, with the aim of detecting faint optical emission from ejected plasmoids. Despite the similarity of the hard X-ray emission in April 1995 with previous events in 1994, no radio or optical emission related to plasmoids was detected. We conclude that GRO J1655-40 is subject to a complex behavior showing: radio-loud hard X-ray outbursts with strong radio emission (of flux $f_r \goe 100$~mJy) both from a `core' source and from propagating plasmoids (as those in 1994), and radio-quiet hard X-ray outbursts with no detectable radio emission and plasmoid activity ($f_r \loe 0.5$~mJy) (as those in 1995). Our results can constrain models of particle acceleration and radiation of relativistic plasmoids.

astro-ph↗

Evidence from quasi-periodic oscillations for a millisecond pulsar in the low mass x-ray binary 4U 0614+091

We have detected quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) near 1 kHz from the low mass X-ray binary 4U 0614+091 in observations with XTE. The observations span several months and sample the source over a large range of X-ray luminosity. In every interval QPOs are present above 400 Hz with fractional RMS amplitudes from 3 to 12%. At high count rates, two high frequency QPOs are detected simultaneously. The difference of their frequency centroids is consistent with 323 Hz in all observations. During one interval a third signal is detected at 328 +/- 2 Hz. This suggests the system has a stable `clock' which is most likely the neutron star with spin period 3.1 msec. Thus, our observations and those of another neutron star system by Strohmayer et al. (1996) provide the first evidence for millisecond pulsars within low-mass X-ray binary systems and reveal the `missing-link' between millisecond radiopulsars and the late stages of binary evolution in low mass X-ray binaries (Alpar et al. 1982). We suggest that the kinematics of the magnetospheric beat-frequency model (Alpar and Shaham 1985) applies to these QPOs. In this interpretation the high frequency signal is associated with the Keplerian frequency of the inner accretion disk and the lower frequency `beat' signal arises from the differential rotation frequency of the inner disk and the spinning neutron star. Assuming the high frequency QPO is a Keplerian orbital frequency for the accretion disk, we find a maximum mass of 1.9 solar masses and a maximum radius of 17 km for the neutron star.

astro-ph↗

Anticorrelated Hard/Soft X-Ray Emission from the X-Ray Burster 4U 0614+091

We have detected transient X-ray activity from the X-ray burster 4U~0614+091 simultaneously with BATSE/CGRO (20-100 keV) and ASM/RXTE (1-12 keV). The peak fluxes reach approximately 40 mCrab in both instruments over a period of about 20 days. The variable emission shows a clear anticorrelation of the hard X-ray flux with the soft X-ray count rate. The observed anticorrelation is another clear counterexample to the notion that only black hole binaries exhibit such correlations. The individual spectra during this period can be fit by power laws with photon indices 2.2+-0.3 (ASM) and 2.7+-0.4 (BATSE), while the combined spectra can be described by a single power law with index 2.09+-0.08. BATSE and the ASM/RXTE are a good combination for monitoring X-ray sources over a wide energy band.

astro-ph↗

COMPTEL detection of the high-energy gamma-ray source 2CG 135+01

We present an analysis of COMPTEL observations made between November 1991 and May 1994 of 2CG 135+01, a bright gamma-ray source located near the Galactic plane. At energies above 1 MeV, an excess consistent with the position of 2CG 135+01 is detected in the sum of the observations, at flux levels which are a factor of 10-100 below those published in the past. The detection significance of this excess, when the possible presence of underlying Galactic diffuse emission is neglected, is 6.6 sigma for 3 degrees of freedom. The differential photon spectrum in the 1-30 MeV energy range can be described by a power law with a spectral index of $1.95^{+0.2}_{-0.3}$. Due to the uncertainties involved in modelling the Galactic-disk diffuse emission underneath the source, the absolute flux levels must be considered uncertain by a factor of two. They are consistent with the extrapolation of the time-averaged spectrum of 2CG 135+01 measured with EGRET, thereby strengthening the identification. No significant temporal correlation between the gamma-ray emission and the monitored radio emission of the possible counterpart radio source GT 0236+610 (showing a 26.5 day modulation) is found.

astro-ph↗

A Search for Hard X-Ray Emission from Globular Clusters - Constraints from BATSE

We have monitored a sample of 27 nearby globular clusters in the hard X-ray band (20-120 keV) for approximately 1400 days using the BATSE instrument on board the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. Globular clusters may contain a large number of compact objects (e.g., pulsars or X-ray binaries containing neutron stars) which can produce hard X-ray emission. Our search provides a sensitive (~50 mCrab) monitor for hard X-ray transient events on time scales of >1 day and a means for observing persistent hard X-ray emission. We have discovered no transient events from any of the clusters and no persistent emission. Our observations include a sensitive search of four nearby clusters containing dim X-ray sources: 47 Tucanae, NGC 5139, NGC 6397, and NGC 6752. The non-detection in these clusters implies a lower limit for the recurrence time of transients of 2 to 6 years for events with luminosities >10^36 erg s^-1 (20-120 keV) and ~20 years if the sources in these clusters are taken collectively. This suggests that the dim X-ray sources in these clusters are not transients similar to Aql~X-1. We also place upper limits on the persistent emission in the range 2-10*10^34 erg s^-1 (2 sigma, 20-120 keV) for these four clusters. For 47 Tuc the upper limit is more sensitive than previous measurements by a factor of 3. We find a model dependent upper limit of 19 isolated millisecond pulsars (MSPs) producing gamma-rays in 47 Tuc, compared to the 11 observed radio MSPs in this cluster.

astro-ph↗

Binary Pulsar Shock Emissions as Galactic Gamma-Ray Sources

We address several issues regarding the interpretation of galactic \ggg-ray sources. We consider powerful pulsars in binaries producing X-ray and gamma-ray {\it unpulsed} emission from the shock interaction of relativistic pulsar winds with circumbinary material. Nebular mass outflows from companion stars of binary pulsars can provide the right {\it calorimeters} to transform a fraction of the electromagnetic and kinetic energy of pulsar winds into high energy radiation. We discuss the physics of interaction of relativistic pulsar winds with gaseous material and show that the conditions in pulsar binary systems might be ideal to constrain shock acceleration mechanisms and pulsar wind composition and structure. We briefly discuss the example of the 47~ms pulsar PSR~1259-63 orbiting around a massive Be~star companion and monitored by X-ray and gamma-ray instruments during its recent periastron passage. In addition to young pulsars in massive binaries, also a class of recycled millisecond pulsars in low-mass binaries can be interesting high energy emitters.

astro-ph↗

X-ray emission from the PSR B1259--63 system near apastron

The PSR B1259--63 system contains a 47 ms radio pulsar in a highly eccentric binary with a Be-star companion. Strongly time variable X-ray emission was reported from this system as the pulsar was near apastron in 1992-early 1993. The variability was primarily deduced from an apparent non-detection of the \psr system during a first pre-apastron \ros observation in February~1992. We have re-analyzed the \ros observations of the \psr system. Contrary to the results of a previous analysis, we find that the \psr system was detected by \ros during the first off-axis February~1992 observation. The intensity of the soft X-ray emission of the \psr system before and after the 1992 apastron appears to vary at most by a factor $\sim 2$. Our results sensibly constrain theoretical models of X-ray emission from the \psr system.

astro-ph↗