Collective excitations of $Λ$ hypernuclei
We discuss low-lying collective excitations of $Λ$ hypernuclei using the self-consistent mean-field approaches. We first discuss the deformation properties of $Λ$ hypernuclei in the $sd$-shell region. Based on the relativistic mean-field (RMF) approach, we show that the oblate deformation for $^{28}$Si nucleus may disappear when a $Λ$ particle is added to this nucleus. We then discuss the rotational excitations of $^{25}_Λ$Mg nucleus using the three-dimensional potential energy surface in the deformation plane obtained with the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method. The deformation of $^{25}_Λ$Mg nucleus is predicted to be slightly reduced due to an addition of $Λ$ particle. We demonstrate that this leads to a reduction of electromagnetic transition probability, $B(E2)$, in the ground state rotational band. We also present an application of random phase approximation (RPA) to hypernuclei, and show that a new dipole mode, which we call a soft dipole $Λ$ mode, appears in hypernuclei, which can be interpreted as an oscillation of $Λ$ particle against the core nucleus.