arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M. V. Polyakov.
We show that the instanton model of the QCD vacuum indicates the parametric smallness of the twist-3 contributions to the polarized structure function h_L. This smallness is related to the diluteness of the QCD instanton vacuum.
The cross sections and transverse spin asymmetries in the hard exclusive electroproduction of decuplet baryons are calculated in the large N_c limit and found to be comparable to that of octet baryons. Large N_c selection rules for the production amplitudes are derived, leading to new sensitive tests of the spin aspects of the QCD chiral dynamics both in the nonstrange and strange sectors. Importance of such studies for the reliable extraction of the pion form factor from pion electroproduction is explained.
We investigate the role of the flavor asymmetry of the nucleon's polarized antiquark distributions in Drell-Yan lepton pair production in polarized nucleon-nucleon collisions at HERA (fixed-target) and RHIC energies. It is shown that the large polarized antiquark flavor asymmetry predicted by model calculations in the large-N_c limit (chiral quark-soliton model) has a dramatic effect on the double spin asymmetries in high mass lepton pair production, as well as on the single spin asymmetries in lepton pair production through $W^\pm$-bosons at $M^2 = M_W^2$.
The $1/N_c$-expansion of QCD suggests large flavor asymmetries of the polarized antiquark distributions in the nucleon. This is confirmed by model calculations in the large-$N_c$ limit (chiral quark-soliton model), which give sizable results for $Δ\bar u (x) - Δ\bar d (x)$ and $Δ\bar u (x) + Δ\bar d (x) - 2 Δ\bar s (x)$. We compute the contributions of these flavor asymmetries to the spin asymmetries in hadron production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. We show that the large flavor asymmetries predicted by the chiral quark-soliton model are consistent with the recent HERMES data for spin asymmetries in charged hadron production.
We have calculated the NLO corrections for the leading twist amplitude of the reaction $γ^*γ\toππ$ at large virtuality of the photon and at $W^2\ll Q^2$. With a simple model for the two-pion quark and gluon distribution amplitudes we have estimated that the NLO effects may reduce the leading-order amplitude by as much as 30%. We have found that besides the usual twist-2 quark and gluon operators the NLO amplitude receives contribution from a distribution associated with twist-2 tensor gluon operator. The new gluon distribution can be investigated by studying the azimuthal asymmetry of the cross section for $e+γ\to e'+ππ$.
We compute the helicity skewed quark distributions $\widetilde{H}$ and $\widetilde{E}$ in the chiral quark-soliton model of the nucleon. This model emphasizes correctly the role of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry in structure of nucleon. It is based on the large-N_c picture of the nucleon as a soliton of the effective chiral lagrangian and allows to calculate the leading twist quark- and antiquark distributions at a low normalization point. We discuss the role of chiral symmetry in the helicity skewed quark distributions $\widetilde{H}$ and $\widetilde{E}$. We show that generalization of soft pion theorems, based on chiral Ward identities, leads in the region of -ξ< x < ξto the pion pole contribution to $\widetilde{E}$ which dominates at small momentum transfer.
The leading twist parametrization of dipion mass distribution in hard exclusive reactions is proposed. Its parameters are related to quark distributions (usual and skewed) in the pion and to distributions amplitudes of mesons ($π$, $ρ$, etc.). We show that measurements of the shape of dipion mass distribution in hard exclusie reactions can give important information about partonic structure of the pion. The expression for the amplitude of the reaction $γ^*γ\to ππ$ near the threshold in terms of singlet quark distribution in the pion is presented.
The possibility for an observation of a narrow penta-quark $Z^+$ baryon in $NN$ reactions is discussed. It is shown that the $pp{\to}nΣ^+K^+$ reaction at excess energies around 100 MeV above threshold provides optimal conditions for $Z^+$ baryon detection by an analysis of the $nK^+$ invariant mass spectrum, if the $Z^+$ mass is located around 1.5 GeV involving a rather narrow width.
We study the hard exclusive production of two pions in the virtual photon fragmentation region with various invariant masses including the resonance region. The amplitude is expressed in terms of two-pion light cone distribution amplitudes ($2π$DA's). We derive dispersion relations for these amplitudes, which enables us to fix them completely in terms of $ππ$ scattering phases and a few low-energy subtraction constants determind by the effective chiral lagrangian. Quantitative estimates of the resonance as well $ππ$ background DA's at low normalization point are made. We also prove certain new soft pion theorem relating two-pion DA's to the one-pion DA. Crossing relations between $2π$DA's and parton distributions in a pion are discussed. We demontrate that by studying the shape of the $ππ$ mass spectra (not absolute cross section!) in a diffractive electroproduction one can extract the deviation of the meson ($π,ρ,$ etc.) wave functions from their asymptotic form $6 z(1-z)$ and hence to get important information about the structure of mesons. Also we discuss how the moments of quark distributions in a pion can be measured in the hard diffraction. We suggest (alternative to Söding's) parametrization of $ππ$ spectra which is suitable for large photon virtuality.
We study the non-forward matrix elements of twist-2 QCD light-ray operators and their representations in terms of skewed and double distributions, considering the pion as well as the nucleon. We point out the importance of explicitly including all twist-2 structures in the double distribution representation, which naturally leads to a ``two-component'' structure of the skewed distribution, with different contributions in the regions |X| > xi/2 and |X| < ξ/2. We compute the skewed and double quark distributions in the pion at a low normalization point in the effective chiral theory based on the instanton vacuum. Also, we derive the crossing relations expressing the skewed quark distribution in the pion through the distribution amplitude for two--pion production. Measurement of the latter in two-pion production in gamma^* gamma and gamma^* N reactions could provide direct information about the skewed as well as the usual quark/antiquark-distribution in the pion.
The amplitude for hard exclusive pseudoscalar meson electroproduction off nucleon (nuclear) targets is computed in QCD within the leading $α_s \ln {Q^2/λ_{QCD}^{2}}$ approximation. We show that the distribution of recoil nucleons depends strongly on the angle between the momentum of the recoil nucleon and the polarization vector of the target (or outgoing nucleon). This dependence is especially sensitive to the spin flip skewed parton distribution (SPD) $\widetilde E$. We argue also that the scaling for this spin asymmetry sets in at lower Q^2 than that for the absolute cross section. Basing on the chiral quark-soliton model of the nucleon we estimate quantitatively the spin asymmetry. In the case of pi+ production this asymmetry is dominated at small t by the contribution of the pion pole in the isovector SPD $\widetilde E$ as required by PCAC. In the case of K0 production off a proton we find a large enhancement of the cross section as compared to the case of pi0 production. For the forward production of neutral pseudoscalar mesons off a deuteron target we find the cross section should be zero for the zero deuteron helicity (along the $γ^*D$ direction). We consider also cross sections of quasielastic processes off nuclei including the feasibility to implant K+,rho-mesons into nuclear volume.
The spin-dependent twist-3 and 4 nucleon matrix elements d^(2) and f^(2) describing power corrections to the Bjorken and Ellis-Jaffe sum rules are computed in the instanton vacuum. A systematic expansion in the small packing fraction of the instanton medium, rho / R << 1, is performed. We find that the twist-3 matrix element d^(2) is suppressed [of order (rho / R)^4], while the twist-4 matrix element f^(2) is of order unity. Numerically, d^(2) << f^(2). The small value of d^(2) \sim 10^{-3} obtained from instantons is consistent with the recent E143 measurements of the structure function g_2, where d^(2) enters at the same level as the twist-2 contribution.
We study the hard exclusive production of two pions in the virtual photon fragmentation region with various invariant masses including the resonance region. The amplitude is expressed in terms of two-pion light cone distribution amplitudes ($2π$DA's). We derive dispersion relations for these amplitudes, which enables us to fix them completely in terms of $ππ$ scattering phases and a few low-energy subtraction constants determind by the effective chiral lagrangian. Quantitative estimates of the resonance as well $ππ$ background DA's at low normalization point are made. We also prove certain new soft pion theorem relating two-pion DA's to the one-pion DA's. Crossing relations between $2π$DA's and parton distributions in a pion are discussed. We demontrate that by studying the \underline{shape} of the $ππ$ mass spectra (not absolute cross section!) in a diffractive electroproduction one can extract the deviation of the meson ($π,ρ,$ etc.) wave functions from their asymptotic form $6 z(1-z)$ and hence to get important information about the structure of mesons. We suggest (alternative to Söding's) parametrization of $ππ$ spectra which is suitable for large photon virtuality.
The charm quark contribution to the first moment of $g_1(x,Q^2)$ is calculated using a heavy mass expansion of the divergence of the singlet axial current. It is shown to be small.
Recently in the context of studies of the intrinsic charm content of the nucleon and of the eta' meson two groups have arrived at different results for the 1/m^3 term of the heavy quark expansion for operator $\bar Qγ_5Q$ differing by the factor of six. We show that the form of both results violates certain general conditions. Using the expression for the axial anomaly with the finite Pauli-Villars regularization we obtain a new expression for 1/m^3 term of the heavy quark expansion for $\bar Qγ_5 Q$. With this new result we obtain an estimate for the constant f_{η'}^{(c)}=-2 MeV.
We summarize recent attempts to calculate the flavor asymmetry of the nucleon's sea quark distributions in the large-$N_c$ limit, where the nucleon can be described as a soliton of an effective chiral theory. We discuss the leading-twist longitudinally polarized and transversity antiquark distributions, $Δ\bar u (x) - Δ\bar d (x)$ and $δ\bar u (x) - δ\bar d (x)$, as well as the unpolarized one, $\bar u (x) - \bar d (x)$, which appears only in the next-to-leading order of the $1/N_c$-expansion. Results for $\bar u (x) - \bar d (x)$ are in good agreement with the recent Drell-Yan data from the FNAL E866 experiment. The longitudinally polarized antiquark asymmetry, $Δ\bar u (x) - Δ\bar d (x)$, is found to be larger than the unpolarized one.
We evaluate the amplitude of Bethe-Heitler process: γ^* p -> γΔ^+ -electron bremsstrahlung of photon accompanied by the excitation of Δ$ isobar. We show that this background is suppressed at small momentum transfer squared t to a proton relative to that for γ^* p -> γp and γ^* p\to -> Δ^+ - DVCS processes. From experimental point of view, this means that N -> N and N -> Δskewed quark distributions (SQD's) might be measurable at small momentum transfer. Several implications and applications of the QCD factorization theorem for the processes γ_{L}^* + p -> h_f +h_s are discussed where h_f - the particle produced along photon momentum $\vec q$ maybe either a meson or a baryon. We discuss also t dependence of DVCS and exclusive meson production as the practical criteria to distinguish between soft and hard regime. Basing on the large-N_c picture of the nucleon as a soliton of the effective chiral Lagrangian we derive relations between N -> N and N ->ΔSQD's which can be used to estimate amplitude of N -> ΔDVCS .
The leading-twist wave functions of the pion and the photon at a low normalization point are calculated in the effective low--energy theory derived from the instanton vacuum. The pion wave function is found to be close to the asymptotic one, consistent with the recent CLEO measurements. The photon wave function is non-zero at the endpoints. This different behavior is a consequence of the momentum dependence of the dynamical quark mass suggested by the instanton vacuum. We comment on the relation of meson wave functions and off-forward parton distributions in this model.