arXiv subjects

Maciej Dendzik

Publications and source records attributed to Maciej Dendzik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Ultrafast nonlinear Hall effect in black phosphorus

The nonlinear Hall effect (NHE) is a recently discovered member of the Hall effect family in which the Hall voltage shows a nonlinear behavior when a transverse electric field is applied. While the NHE does not require broken time-reversal symmetry, such as that induced by a magnetic field, it requires broken inversion symmetry, which limits the range of suitable systems and potential applications. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast NHE in centrosymmetric black phosphorus through dynamical symmetry breaking using femtosecond light pulses. We provide a detailed microscopic picture of excited carrier dynamics and induced fields using momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with \textit{ab-initio} calculations. The ultrafast NHE is observed exclusively for the light polarization aligned with the armchair high-symmetry direction and persists over 300 fs, which opens new possibilities for selective and ultrafast light-to-current conversions.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2024

Contrasting electron-phonon interaction between electron- and hole-doped cuprates

Spin- and charge-lattice interactions are potential key factors in the microscopic mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates. Although both interactions can dramatically shape the low-energy electronic structure, their phenomenological roles in superconductivity are usually investigated independently. Employing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we reveal the spectroscopic fingerprint of short-range antiferromagnetic order in conjunction with enhanced electron-phonon interaction in the electron-doped cuprate superconductor $\mathrm{Nd_{1.85}Ce_{0.15}CuO_4}$. The observed mode coupling exhibits a strong momentum dependence that is in striking contrast to the node-antinode dichotomy previously observed in the hole-doped cuprates. Our results reveal an intimate relationship between electron-phonon coupling and antiferromagnetic fluctuations, which collectively sets the stage for unconventional superconductivity in the electron-doped cuprates.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2023

Ferrimagnetic Regulation of Weyl Fermions in a Noncentrosymmetric Magnetic Weyl Semimetal

The study of interaction between electromagnetism and elementary particles is a long-standing topic in physics. Likewise, the connection between particle physics and emergent phenomena in condensed matter physics is a recurring theme and condensed matter physics has often provided a platform for investigating the interplay between particles and fields in cases that have not been observed in high-energy physics, so far. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we provide a new example of this by visualizing the electronic structure of a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal candidate NdAlSi in both the paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic states. We observe surface Fermi arcs and bulk Weyl fermion dispersion as well as the regulation of Weyl fermions by ferrimagnetism. Our results establish NdAlSi as a magnetic Weyl semimetal and provide the first experimental observation of ferrimagnetic regulation of Weyl fermions in condensed matter.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2022

Observation of multi-directional energy transfer in a hybrid plasmonic-excitonic nanostructure

Hybrid plasmonic devices involve a nanostructured metal supporting localized surface plasmons to amplify light-matter interaction, and a non-plasmonic material to functionalize charge excitations. Application-relevant epitaxial heterostructures, however, give rise to ballistic ultrafast dynamics that challenge the conventional semiclassical understanding of unidirectional nanometal-to-substrate energy transfer. We study epitaxial Au nanoislands on WSe$_2$ with time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and femtosecond electron diffraction: this combination of techniques resolves material, energy and momentum of charge-carriers and phonons excited in the heterostructure. We observe a strong non-linear plasmon-exciton interaction that transfers the energy of sub-bandgap photons very efficiently to the semiconductor, leaving the metal cold until non-radiative exciton recombination heats the nanoparticles on hundreds of femtoseconds timescales. Our results resolve a multi-directional energy exchange on timescales shorter than the electronic thermalization of the nanometal. Electron-phonon coupling and diffusive charge-transfer determine the subsequent energy flow. This complex dynamics opens perspectives for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications, while providing a constraining experimental testbed for state-of-the-art modelling.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2022

A machine learning route between band mapping and band structure

Electronic band structure (BS) and crystal structure are the two complementary identifiers of solid state materials. While convenient instruments and reconstruction algorithms have made large, empirical, crystal structure databases possible, extracting quasiparticle dispersion (closely related to BS) from photoemission band mapping data is currently limited by the available computational methods. To cope with the growing size and scale of photoemission data, we develop a pipeline including probabilistic machine learning and the associated data processing, optimization and evaluation methods for band structure reconstruction, leveraging theoretical calculations. The pipeline reconstructs all 14 valence bands of a semiconductor and shows excellent performance on benchmarks and other materials datasets. The reconstruction uncovers previously inaccessible momentum-space structural information on both global and local scales, while realizing a path towards integration with materials science databases. Our approach illustrates the potential of combining machine learning and domain knowledge for scalable feature extraction in multidimensional data.

physics.data-an↗

arXiv2022

An efficient low-density grating setup for monochromatization of XUV ultrafast light sources

Ultrafast light sources have become an indispensable tool to access and understand transient phenomenon in material science. However, a simple and easy-to-implement method for harmonic selection, with high transmission efficiency and pulse duration conservation, is still a challenge. Here we showcase and compare two approaches for selecting the desired harmonic from a high harmonic generation source while achieving the above goals. The first approach is the combination of extreme ultraviolet spherical mirrors with transmission filters and the second approach uses a normal-incidence spherical grating. Both solutions target time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with photon energies in the 10-20 eV range but are relevant for other experimental techniques as well. The two approaches for harmonic selection are characterized in terms of focusing quality, efficiency, and temporal broadening. It is demonstrated that a focusing grating is able to provide much higher transmission as compared to the mirror+filter approach (3.3 times higher for 10.8 eV and 12.9 times higher for 18.1 eV), with only a slight temporal broadening (6.8% increase) and a somewhat larger spot size (~30% increase). Overall, our study establishes an experimental perspective on the trade-off between a single grating normal incidence monochromator design and the use of filters. As such, it provides a basis for selecting the most appropriate approach in various fields where an easy-to-implement harmonic selection from high harmonic generation is needed.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2022

In-situ exfoliation method of large-area 2D materials

The success in studying 2D materials inherently relies on producing samples of large area, and high quality enough for the experimental conditions. Because their 2D nature surface sensitive techniques such as photoemission spectroscopy , tunneling microscopy and electron diffraction, that work in ultra high vacuum (UHV) environment are prime techniques that have been employed with great success in unveiling new properties of 2D materials but it requires samples to be free of adsorbates. The technique that most easily and readily yields 2dmaterials of highest quality is indubitably mechanical exfoliation from bulk grown samples, however as this technique is traditionally done in dedicated environment, the transfer of these samples into UHV setups requires some form of surface cleaning that tempers with the sample quality. In this article, we report on a simple and general method of \textit{in-situ} mechanical exfoliation directly in UHV that yields large-area single-layered films. By employing standard UHV cleaning techniques and by purpusedly exploiting the chemical affinity between the substrate and the sample we could yield large area exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides. Multiple transition metal dichalcogenides, both metallic and semiconducting, are exfoliated \textit{in-situ} onto Au and Ag, and Ge. Exfoliated flakes are found to be sub-milimeter size with excellent crystallinity and purity, as evidenced by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. In addition, we demonstrate exfoliation of air-sensitive 2D materials and possibility of controlling the substrate-2D material twist angle.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2022

Observation of ultrafast interfacial Meitner-Auger energy transfer in a van der Waals heterostructure

Atomically thin layered van der Waals heterostructures feature exotic and emergent optoelectronic properties. With growing interest in these novel quantum materials, the microscopic understanding of fundamental interfacial coupling mechanisms is of capital importance. Here, using multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, we provide a layer- and momentum-resolved view on ultrafast interlayer electron and energy transfer in a monolayer-WSe$_2$/graphene heterostructure. Depending on the nature of the optically prepared state, we find the different dominating transfer mechanisms: while electron injection from graphene to WSe$_2$ is observed after photoexcitation of quasi-free hot carriers in the graphene layer, we establish an interfacial Meitner-Auger energy transfer process following the excitation of excitons in WSe$_2$. By analysing the time-energy-momentum distributions of excited-state carriers with a rate-equation model, we distinguish these two types of interfacial dynamics and identify the ultrafast conversion of excitons in WSe$_2$ to valence band transitions in graphene. Microscopic calculations find interfacial dipole-monopole coupling underlying the Meitner-Auger energy transfer to dominate over conventional Förster- and Dexter-type interactions, in agreement with the experimental observations. The energy transfer mechanism revealed here might enable new hot-carrier-based device concepts with van der Waals heterostructures.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2022

A narrow bandwidth extreme ultra-violet light source for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Here we present a high repetition rate, narrow band-width, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photon source for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES). The narrow band width pulses $ΔE=9, 14, 18$ meV for photon energies $hν=10.8, 18.1, 25.3$ eV are generated through High Harmonic Generation (HHG) using ultra-violet (UV) drive pulses with relatively long pulse lengths (461 fs). The HHG setup employs an annuluar drive beam in a tight focusing geometry at a repetition rate of 250 kHz. Photon energy selection is provided by a series of selectable multilayer bandpass mirrors and thin film filters, thus avoiding any time broadening introduced by single grating monochromators. A two stage optical-parametric amplifier provides $< 100$ fs tunable pump pulses from 0.65 $μ$m to 9 $μ$m. The narrow bandwidth performance of the light source is demonstrated through ARPES measurements on a series of quantum materials including the high-temperature superconductor Bi-2212, WSe$_2$ and graphene.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2021

Spectroscopic Evidence for a Three-Dimensional Charge Density Wave in Kagome Superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$

The recently discovered AV3Sb5 (A=K, Rb, Cs) family, possessing V kagome nets, has received considerable attention due to the topological electronic structure and intriguing correlated phenomena, including an exotic charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity. Detailed electronic structure studies are essential to unravel the characteristics and origin of the CDW as well as its interplay with superconductivity. Here, we present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements for CsV3Sb5 at multiple temperatures and photon energies to reveal the nature of the CDW from an electronic structure perspective. We present evidence for a three-dimensional (3D) CDW order. In the process we also pinpoint a surface state attributed to a Cs terminated surface. This state was previously attributed to band folding band due to a CDW along the c direction or a quantum well state from quantum confinement. The CDW expected 2-fold lattice reconstruction along c axis is observed to be a quadrupling of the unit cell, thus for the first time directly demonstrating the 3D nature of the CDW from the electronic structure perspective. Moreover, this 3D CDW configuration originates from two distinct types of distortions in adjacent kagome layers. These present results not only provide key insights into the nature of the unconventional CDW in CsV3Sb5 but also provides an important reference for further studies on the relationship between the CDW and superconductivity.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2021

Direct measurement of key exciton properties: energy, dynamics and spatial distribution of the wave function

Excitons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs, are the fundamental excitations governing the optoelectronic properties of semiconductors. While optical signatures of excitons have been studied extensively, experimental access to the excitonic wave function itself has been elusive. Using multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, we present a momentum-, energy- and time-resolved perspective on excitons in the layered semiconductor WSe$_2$. By tuning the excitation wavelength, we determine the energy-momentum signature of bright exciton formation and its difference from conventional single-particle excited states. The multidimensional data allows to retrieve fundamental exciton properties like the binding energy and the exciton-lattice coupling and to reconstruct the real-space excitonic distribution function via Fourier transform. All quantities are in excellent agreement with microscopic calculations. Our approach provides a full characterization of the exciton properties and is applicable to bright and dark excitons in semiconducting materials, heterostructures and devices.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2021

Ultrafast Dynamical Lifshitz Transition

Fermi surface is at the heart of our understanding of metals and strongly correlated many-body systems. An abrupt change in the Fermi surface topology, also called Lifshitz transition, can lead to the emergence of fascinating phenomena like colossal magnetoresistance and superconductivity. While Lifshitz transitions have been demonstrated for a broad range of materials by equilibrium tuning of macroscopic parameters such as strain, doping, pressure and temperature, a non-equilibrium dynamical route toward ultrafast modification of the Fermi surface topology has not been experimentally demonstrated. Combining time-resolved multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy with state-of-the-art TDDFT+$U$ simulations, we introduce a novel scheme for driving an ultrafast Lifshitz transition in the correlated type-II Weyl semimetal T$\mathrm{_{d}}$-MoTe$_{2}$. We demonstrate that this non-equilibrium topological electronic transition finds its microscopic origin in the dynamical modification of the effective electronic correlations. These results shed light on a novel ultrafast scheme for controlling the Fermi surface topology in correlated quantum materials.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2020

An open-source, end-to-end workflow for multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy

Characterization of the electronic band structure of solid state materials is routinely performed using photoemission spectroscopy. Recent advancements in short-wavelength light sources and electron detectors give rise to multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, allowing parallel measurements of the electron spectral function simultaneously in energy, two momentum components and additional physical parameters with single-event detection capability. Efficient processing of the photoelectron event streams at a rate of up to tens of megabytes per second will enable rapid band mapping for materials characterization. We describe an open-source workflow that allows user interaction with billion-count single-electron events in photoemission band mapping experiments, compatible with beamlines at $3^{\text{rd}}$ and $4^{\text{th}}$ generation light sources and table-top laser-based setups. The workflow offers an end-to-end recipe from distributed operations on single-event data to structured formats for downstream scientific tasks and storage to materials science database integration. Both the workflow and processed data can be archived for reuse, providing the infrastructure for documenting the provenance and lineage of photoemission data for future high-throughput experiments.

physics.data-an↗

arXiv2020

Revealing Hidden Orbital Pseudospin Texture with Time-Reversal Dichroism in Photoelectron Angular Distributions

We performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of bulk 2H-WSe$_2$ for different crystal orientations linked to each other by time-reversal symmetry. We introduce a new observable called time-reversal dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions (TRDAD), which quantifies the modulation of the photoemission intensity upon effective time-reversal operation. We demonstrate that the hidden orbital pseudospin texture leaves its imprint onto TRDAD, due to multiple orbitals interference effects in photoemission. Our experimental results are in quantitative agreement with both tight-binding model and state-of-the-art fully relativistic calculations performed using the one-step model of photoemission. While spin-resolved ARPES probes the spin component of entangled spin-orbital texture in multiorbital systems, we unambiguously demonstrate that TRDAD reveals its orbital pseudospin texture counterpart.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2020

Observation of an excitonic Mott transition through ultrafast core-$\textit{cum}$-conduction photoemission spectroscopy

Time-resolved soft-X-ray photoemission spectroscopy is used to simultaneously measure the ultrafast dynamics of core-level spectral functions and excited states upon excitation of excitons in WSe$_2$. We present a many-body approximation for the Green's function, which excellently describes the transient core-hole spectral function. The relative dynamics of excited-state signal and core levels reveals a delayed core-hole renormalization due to screening by excited quasi-free carriers, revealing an excitonic Mott transition. These findings establish time-resolved core-level photoelectron spectroscopy as a sensitive probe of subtle electronic many-body interactions and an ultrafast electronic phase transition.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2019

Time- and momentum-resolved photoemission studies using time-of-flight momentum microscopy at a free-electron laser

Time-resolved photoemission with ultrafast pump and probe pulses is an emerging technique with wide application potential. Real-time recording of non-equilibrium electronic processes, transient states in chemical reactions or the interplay of electronic and structural dynamics offers fascinating opportunities for future research. Combining valence-band and core-level spectroscopy with photoelectron diffraction for electronic, chemical and structural analysis requires few 10 fs soft X-ray pulses with some 10 meV spectral resolution, which are currently available at high repetition rate free-electron lasers. The PG2 beamline at FLASH (DESY, Hamburg) provides a high pulse rate of 5000 pulses/s, 60 fs pulse duration and 40 meV bandwidth in an energy range of 25-830 eV with a photon beam size down to 50 microns in diameter. We have constructed and optimized a versatile setup commissioned at FLASH/PG2 that combines FEL capabilities together with a multidimensional recording scheme for photoemission studies. We use a full-field imaging momentum microscope with time-of-flight energy recording as the detector for mapping of 3D band structures in ($k_x$, $k_y$, $E$) parameter space with unprecedented efficiency. Our instrument can image full surface Brillouin zones with up to 7 Å $^{-1}$ diameter in a binding-energy range of several eV, resolving about $2.5\times10^5$ data voxels. As an example, we present results for the ultrafast excited state dynamics in the model van der Waals semiconductor WSe$_2$.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

Quasi-free-standing single-layer WS2 achieved by intercalation

Large-area and high-quality single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides can be synthesized by epitaxial growth on single-crystal substrates. An important advantage of this approach is that the interaction between the single-layer and the substrate can be strong enough to enforce a single crystalline orientation of the layer. On the other hand, the same interaction can lead to hybridization effects, resulting in the deterioration of the single-layer's native properties. This dilemma can potentially be solved by decoupling the single-layer from the substrate surface after the growth via intercalation of atoms or molecules. Here we show that such a decoupling can indeed be achieved for single-layer WS2 epitaxially grown on Ag(111) by intercalation of Bi atoms. This process leads to a suppression of the single-layer WS2-Ag substrate interaction, yielding an electronic band structure reminiscent of free-standing single-layer WS2.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

Spin structure of K valleys in single-layer WS$_2$ on Au(111)

The spin structure of the valence and conduction bands at the $\overline{\text{K}}$ and $\overline{\text{K}}$' valleys of single-layer WS$_2$ on Au(111) is determined by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission and inverse photoemission. The bands confining the direct band gap of 1.98 eV are out-of-plane spin polarized with spin-dependent energy splittings of 417 meV in the valence band and 16 meV in the conduction band. The sequence of the spin-split bands is the same in the valence and in the conduction bands and opposite at the $\overline{\text{K}}$ and the $\overline{\text{K}}$' high-symmetry points. The first observation explains "dark" excitons discussed in optical experiments, the latter points to coupled spin and valley physics in electron transport. The experimentally observed band dispersions are discussed along with band structure calculations for a freestanding single layer and for a single layer on Au(111).

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗