Birth and Death of One-dimensional Domains in Cylindrically Confined Liquid Crystals
Nematic liquid crystal (LC) is a partially ordered matter that has been a popular model system for studying a variety of topological behaviors in condensed matter. In this work, utilizing a spontaneously twisting achiral LC, we introduce a one-dimensional (1D) model system to investigate how domains and topological defects arise and annihilate, reminiscing the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Because of the unusual elastic properties, lyotropic chromonic LCs form a double-twist structure in a cylindrical capillary with degenerate planar anchoring, exhibiting chiral symmetry breaking despite the absence of intrinsic chirality. Consequently, the domains of different handedness coexist with equal probabilities, forming the topological defects between them. We experimentally measure the domain-length distribution and its time evolution, best fitted by a three-parameter log-normal distribution. We propose that the coalescence within a train of 1D domains having the normal length distribution and randomly assigned handedness, may lead to the domains of the log-normal-like length distribution. Our cylindrically confined LC provides a practical model system to study the formation and annihilation of domains and defects in 1D.