arXiv subjects

Maheswar G.

Publications and source records attributed to Maheswar G..

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Research on the Interstellar Medium and Star Formation in the Galaxy: An Indian Perspective

Although the star formation process has been studied for decades, many important aspects of the physics involved remain unsolved. Recent advancement of instrumentation in the infrared, far-infrared and sub-millimetre wavelength regimes have contributed to a significantly improved understanding of processes in the interstellar medium (ISM) leading to star formation. The future of research on the ISM and star formation looks exciting with instruments like the JWST, ALMA, etc., already contributing to the topic by gathering high-resolution high-sensitivity data and with several larger ground- and space-bound facilities either being planned or constructed. India has a sizable number of astronomers engaged in research on topics related to the ISM and star formation. In this white paper invited by the Astronomical Society of India to prepare a vision document for Indian astronomy, we review the Indian contributions to the global understanding of the star formation process and suggest areas that require focused efforts both in creating observing facilities and in theoretical front in India, in order to improve the impact of our research in the coming decades.

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arXiv2022

Investigation of Rocket Effect in Bright-Rimmed Clouds using Gaia EDR3

Bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs) are excellent laboratories to explore the radiation-driven implosion mode of star formation because they show evidence of triggered star formation. In our previous study, BRC 18 has been found to accelerate away from the direction of the ionizing Hii region because of the well known "Rocket Effect". Based on the assumption that both BRC 18 and the candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) are kinematically coupled and using the latest Gaia EDR3 measurements, we found that the relative proper motions of the candidate YSOs exhibit a tendency of moving away from the ionizing source. Using BRC 18 as a prototype, we made our further analysis for 21 more BRCs, a majority of which showed a similar trend. For most of the BRCs, the median angle of the relative proper motion of the candidate YSOs is similar to the angle of on-sky direction from the ionizing source to the central IRAS source of the BRC. Based on Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, we found a strong correlation between these two angles, which is further supported by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test on them. The strong correlation between these two angles supports the "Rocket Effect" in the BRCs on the plane-of-sky.

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arXiv2022

Magnetic fields and young stellar objects in cometary cloud LDN 1616

LDN 1615/1616 and CB 28 (hereafter, L1616) together form a cometary globule located at an angular distance of about 8 degrees west of the Orion OB1 association, aligned roughly along the east-west direction, and showing a distinct head-tail structure. The presence of massive stars in the Orion belt has been considered to be responsible for the radiation driven implosion mode of star formation in L1616. Based on the latest Gaia EDR3 measurements of the previously known young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with L1616, we find the distance to this cloud of 384$\pm$5 pc. We present optical polarimetry towards L1616 that maps the plane-of-sky component of the ambient magnetic field (B$_{POS}$) geometry. Based on the proper motion of the YSOs associated with L1616, we investigate their plane-of-sky motion relative to the exciting star $\epsilon$ Ori. Using the Gaia EDR3 measurements of the distances and proper motions of the YSOs, we find two additional sources comoving with the known YSOs. One comoving source is HD33056, a B9 star and the other might be a young pre-main sequence star not reported in previous studies. The mean direction of B$_{POS}$ is found to follow the cloud structure. This could be the effect of dragging of the magnetic field lines by the impact of the ionizing radiation from $\epsilon$ Ori. Based on the pressure exerted on L1616, and the ages of the associated YSOs, we show that it could possibly be the main source of ionization in L1616, and thus the star formation in it.

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arXiv2021

Investigation of Rocket Effect in BRC 18 using Gaia EDR3

Bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs) are ideal candidates to study radiation-driven implosion mode of star formation as they are potential sites of triggered star formation, located at the edges of H{\sc ii} regions, showing evidence of ongoing star formation processes. BRC 18 is located towards the eastern edge of relatively closer ($\sim$400 pc) H{\sc ii} region excited by $\lambda$ Ori. We made R-band polarimetric observations of 17 candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) located towards BRC 18 to investigate any preferred orientation of the discs with respect to the ambient magnetic field and the direction of energetic photons from $\lambda$ Ori. We found that the discs are oriented randomly with respect to the projected magnetic field. Using distances and proper motions from the \textit{Gaia} EDR3 of the candidate YSOs, we investigated the possible acceleration of BRC 18, away from $\lambda$ Ori due to the well known "Rocket Effect", by assuming that both the candidate YSOs and BRC 18 are kinematically coupled. The relative proper motions of the candidate YSOs are found to show a trend of moving away from $\lambda$ Ori. We computed the offset between the angle of the direction of the ionization front and the relative proper motion of the candidate YSOs and found it to lie close to being parallel to each other. Additionally, we found 12 sources that are comoving with the known candidate YSOs towards BRC 18. These comoving sources are most likely to be young and are missed in previous surveys conducted to identify potential YSOs of the region.

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arXiv2021

Cloud Motion and magnetic fields: Four clouds in the Cepheus Flare region

The Cepheus Flare region consists of a group of dark cloud complexes that are currently active in star formation. The aim of this work is to estimate the motion of four clouds, L1147/1158, L1172/1174, L1228 and L1251 located at relatively high Galactic latitude (b $\gt$ 14$^{\circ}$) in the Cepheus Flare region. We study the relationship between the motion of the cloud with respect to the magnetic field and the clump orientations with respect to both the magnetic field and the motion. We estimated the motion of the molecular clouds using the proper motion and the distance estimates of the young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with them using the Gaia EDR3 data. By assuming that the YSOs are associated with the clouds and share the same velocity, the projected direction of motion of the clouds are estimated. We estimated a distance of 371$\pm$22 pc for L1228 and 340$\pm$ 7 pc for L1251 implying that all four complexes are located at almost the same distance. Assuming that both the clouds and YSOs are kinematically coupled, we estimated the projected direction of motion of the clouds using the proper motions of the YSOs. All the clouds in motion are making an offset of $\sim$ 30$^{\circ}$ with respect to the ambient magnetic fields except in L1172/1174 where the offset is $\sim$ 45$^{\circ}$. In L1147/1158, the starless clumps are found to be oriented predominantly parallel to the magnetic fields while prestellar clumps show random distribution. In L1172/1174, L1228 and L1251,the clumps are oriented randomly with respect to magnetic field. With respect to the motion of the clouds, there is a marginal trend that the starless clumps are oriented more parallel in L1147/1158 and L1172/1174. In L1228, the clumps major axis are oriented more randomly. In L1251, we find a bimodal trend in case of starless clumps.

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arXiv2021

Star formation around three co-moving HAeBe stars in the Cepheus Flare

The presence of three more Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars in the Cepheus Flare within a 1.5$^{\circ}$ radius centered on HD 200775 suggests that star formation is prevalent in a wider region of the LDN 1147/1158, LDN 1172/1174, and LDN 1177 clouds. A number of young stellar objects (YSOs) are also found to be located toward these clouds. Various star formation studies indicate ongoing low-mass star formation inside this region. Sources associated with less near-infrared (IR) excess and less H-alpha emission raise the possibility that more low-mass YSOs, which were not identified in previous studies, are present in this region. The aim is to conduct a search for additional young sources that are kinematically associated with the known YSOs and to characterize their properties. Based on the Gaia DR2 distances and proper motions, we found that BD+68 1118, HD 200775, and PV Cep are spatially and kinematically associated with known YSOs. Using the Gaia DR2 data, we identified 39 co-moving sources around BD+68 1118. These sources are characterized using optical and near-IR color-color and color-magnitude diagrams. We estimated a distance of 340+/-7 pc to the whole association that contains BD+68 1118, HD 200775, and PV Cep. Based on the distance and proper motions of all the known YSOs, a total of 74 additional co-moving sources are found, of which 39 form a loose association surrounding BD+68 1118. These sources are predominantly M-type with ages of $\sim$10 Myr and no or very little near-IR excess emission. The positive expansion coefficients obtained via the projected internal motions of the sources surrounding BD+68 1118 and HD 200775 show that these sources are expanding with respect to their HAeBe stars. A spatio-temporal gradient of these sources toward the center of the Cepheus Flare Shell supports the concept of star formation triggered by external impacts.

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arXiv2020

A census of young stellar population associated with the Herbig Be star HD 200775

The region surrounding the well-known reflection nebula, NGC 7023, illuminated by a Herbig Be star, HD 200775, located in the dark cloud L1174 is studied in this work. Based on the distances and proper motion values from Gaia DR2 of 20 previously known young stellar object candidates, we obtained a distance of 335$\pm$11 pc to the cloud complex L1172/1174. Using polarization measurements of the stars projected on the cloud complex, we show additional evidence for the cloud to be at $\sim$ 335 pc distance. Using this distance and proper motion values of the YSO candidates, we searched for additional comoving sources in the vicinity of HD 200775 and found 20 new sources which show low infrared excess emission and are of age $\sim$ 1 Myr. Among these, 10 YSO candidates and 4 newly identified comoving sources are found to show X-ray emission. Three of the four new sources for which we have obtained optical spectra show H$α$ in emission. About 80% of the total sources are found within $\sim$ 1 pc distance from HD 200775. Spatial correlation of some of the YSO candidates with the Herschel dust column density peaks suggests that star formation is still active in the region and may have been triggered by HD 200775.

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arXiv2019

First Sub-pc Sale Mapping of Magnetic Fields in the Vicinity of a Very Low Luminosity Object, L1521F-IRS

L1521F is found to be forming multiple cores and it is cited as an example of the densest core with an embedded VeLLO in a highly dynamical environment. We present the core-scale magnetic fields (B-fields) in the near vicinity of the VeLLO L1521F-IRS using submm polarization measurements at 850$~μ$m using JCMT POL-2. This is the first attempt to use high-sensitivity observations to map the sub-parsec scale B-fields in a core with a VeLLO. The B-fields are ordered and very well connected to the parsec-scale field geometry seen in our earlier optical polarization observations and the large-scale structure seen in Planck dust polarization. The core scale B-field strength estimated using Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi relation is $\rm 330\pm100~μ$G which is more than ten times of the value we obtained in the envelope (envelope in this paper is "core envelope"). This indicates that B-fields are getting stronger on smaller scales. The magnetic energies are found to be 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than non-thermal kinetic energies in the envelope and core. This suggests that magnetic fields are more important than turbulence in the energy budget of L1521F. The mass-to-flux ratio of 2.3$\pm$0.7 suggests that the core is magnetically-supercritical. The degree of polarization is steadily decreasing towards the denser part of the core with a power law slope of -0.86.

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arXiv2016

Probing the magnetic fields in L1415 and L1389

We present the R-band polarimetric results towards two nebulae L1415 and L1389 containing low luminosity stars. Aim of this study is to understand the role played by magnetic fields in formation of low luminosity objects. Linear polarization arise due to dichroism of the background starlight projected on the cloud providing the plane-of-the sky magnetic field orientation. The offsets between mean magnetic field directions obtained towards L1415 and L1389 and the projected outflow axes are found to be 35$^{\circ}$ and 12$^{\circ}$, respectively. The offset between cloud minor axes and mean envelope magnetic field direction in L1415 and L1389 are 50$^{\circ}$ and 87$^{\circ}$, respectively. To estimate the magnetic field strength by using the updated Chandrasekhar-Fermi relation, we obtained the $^{12}$CO(J=1-0) line velocity dispersion value towards L1415 cloud using the TRAO single dish observations. The values of B$_{pos}$ in L1415 and L1389 are found to be 28$~μ$G and 149$~μ$G using CF technique and 23$~μ$G and 140$~μ$G using structure function analysis, respectively. The values of B$_{pos}$ in these clouds are found to be consistent using both the techniques. By combining the present results with those obtained from our previous study of magnetic fields in cores with VeLLOs, we attempt to improve the sample of cores with low luminosity protostars and bridge the gap between the understanding of importance of magnetic fields in cores with VeLLOs and low luminosity protostars. The Results of this work and that of our previous work show that the outflow directions are aligned with envelope magnetic fields of the clouds.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2011

Photometric search for variable stars in young open cluster Berkeley 59

We present time-series photometry of stars located in the extremely young open cluster Berkeley 59. Using the 1.04 m telescope at ARIES, Nainital, we have identified 42 variables in a field of 13'x13' around the cluster. The probable members of the cluster are identified using (V, V-I) colour-magnitude diagram and (J-H, H-K) colour-colour diagram. Thirty one variables are found to be pre-main sequence stars associated with the cluster. The ages and masses of pre-main sequence stars are derived from colour-magnitude diagram by fitting theoretical models to the observed data points. The ages of the majority of the probable pre-main sequence variable candidates range from 1 to 5 Myrs. The masses of these pre-main sequence variable stars are found to be in the range of ~0.3 to ~3.5 Msun and these could be T Tauri stars. The present statistics reveal that about 90% T Tauri stars have periods < 15 days. The classical T Tauri stars are found to have larger amplitude in comparison to the weak line T Tauri stars. There is an indication that the amplitude decreases with increase of the mass, which could be due to the dispersal of disk of relatively massive stars.

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arXiv2007

Broad Band Optical Polarimetric Study of IC 1805

We present the BVR broad band polarimetric observations of 51 stars belonging to the young open cluster IC 1805. Along with the photometric data from the literature we have modeled and subtracted the foreground dust contribution from the maximum polarization (P_{max}) and colour excess (E_{B-V}). The mean value of the P_max for intracluster medium and the foreground are found to be 5.008 +/-0.005 % and 4.865 +/-0.022 % respectively. Moreover, the mean value of the wavelength of maximum polarization (lambda_{max}) for intracluster medium is 0.541 +/- 0.003 micro m, which is quite similar as the general interstellar medium (ISM). The resulting intracluster dust component is found to have negligible polarization efficiency as compared to interstellar dust. Some of the observed stars in IC 1805 have shown the indication of intrinsic polarization in their measurements.

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