arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Mahgoub Salih.
Energy states of the universe is obtained when the scale factor is defined as a=At^n, and n varies as -1<=n<=1,with the aid of the wavefunction which was constructed in, Mahgoub Salih, A Canonical Quantization formalism of curvature squared action. we found new properties of early Phantom energy, which it`s energy density increases with time while w=-1/3 .
The generalized Einstein action is treated quantum mechanically by using a quadratic lagrangian form. The canonical quantization of this action is obtained by using the auxiliary variable to define the generalized momentum. Physical constraints are imposed on the surface term, which is defined to be the cosmological constant. One obtains the familiar Wheeler-de Witt equation. The solution of this equation is in conformity with General Relativity (GR) .In addition to the fact that it is free from GR setbacks at the early universe, since it gives time decaying cosmological constant. The wave function of the universe and the cosmic scale factor are complex quantities, which indicates the existance of quantum effects.2.7k, CBR temperature is calculated.