$\partial^2 ( \mathrm{TO} ) $: A Dual Topological Derivative-Based Enriched Topology Optimization for Fracture Mitigation in 3-D Brittle Solids
We propose a fracture-mitigation topology optimization framework for 3-D brittle solids. The topology is described by a level set function parameterized by radial basis functions, and the structural response is computed using an interface-enriched finite element formulation. Dual topological derivatives serve two purposes. First, they are used to nucleate holes within the solid during the optimization process. Second, they are used to evaluate energy release rates (ERRs) along the entire boundary, requiring only the stress field from a single enriched finite element analysis of the uncracked geometry. For this purpose, penny-shaped cracks are assumed to nucleate using the maximum hoop stress criterion, at the locations of enriched nodes introduced along the boundary for accurate finite element analysis. Because ERR estimates depend sensitively on stress accuracy, we compute a nodal stress field using a non-local stress-recovery procedure. The topology optimization objective aggregates the boundary ERRs using a $p$-mean function. Three-dimensional numerical examples, including the commonly studied L-bracket benchmark problem, demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework.