arXiv subjects

Malachi Griffith

Publications and source records attributed to Malachi Griffith.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

pVACtools v6: A comprehensive suite for neoantigen prediction, visualization, and therapy design

With the rise of checkpoint blockade therapies and neoantigen-based vaccines reaching later-stage trials, there is a growing need for computational tools to identify and prioritize neoantigens. pVACtools, initially introduced in 2016, is an open-source informatic suite designed to support basic and translational neoantigen research. pVACtools assists prediction, prioritization, and visualization of neoantigens, as well as design of neoantigen-based therapies. We describe several major advances to pVACtools since the last update: (1) expanded neoantigen quality and safety assessment features, including support for peptide presentation scoring, immunogenicity prediction, anchor residue analysis, reference proteome similarity, percentile score calculation; (2) addition of pVACsplice, a new tool for predicting neoantigens from tumor-specific cis-splicing mutations; (3) addition of pVACbind, a flexible tool that supports noncanonical neoantigen sources; (4) improvement in neoantigen selection strategies; (5) a substantially improved pVACvector algorithm that achieves higher DNA/mRNA vector vaccine design success rates with shorter runtimes; (6) new utilities to support synthetic long peptide vaccine design; (7) extended prediction support for many non-human species; and (8) addition of pVACcompare, a tool to support comparison between two pVACseq results. Together, these updates reinforce pVACtools as the field's most comprehensive toolkit for neoantigen research, from basic discovery to the design and execution of personalized cancer vaccine clinical trials.

q-bio.QM↗

arXiv2025

ImmunoNX: a robust bioinformatics workflow to support personalized neoantigen vaccine trials

Personalized neoantigen vaccines represent a promising immunotherapy approach that harnesses tumor-specific antigens to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. However, the design of these vaccines requires sophisticated computational workflows to predict and prioritize neoantigen candidates from patient sequencing data, coupled with rigorous review to ensure candidate quality. While numerous computational tools exist for neoantigen prediction, to our knowledge, there are no established protocols detailing the complete process from raw sequencing data through systematic candidate selection. Here, we present ImmunoNX (Immunogenomics Neoantigen eXplorer), an end-to-end protocol for neoantigen prediction and vaccine design that has supported over 185 patients across 11 clinical trials. The workflow integrates tumor DNA/RNA and matched normal DNA sequencing data through a computational pipeline built with Workflow Definition Language (WDL) and executed via Cromwell on Google Cloud Platform. ImmunoNX employs consensus-based variant calling, in-silico HLA typing, and pVACtools for neoantigen prediction. Additionally, we describe a two-stage immunogenomics review process with prioritization of neoantigen candidates, enabled by pVACview, followed by manual assessment of variants using the Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV). This workflow enables vaccine design in under three months. We demonstrate the protocol using the HCC1395 breast cancer cell line dataset, identifying 78 high-confidence neoantigen candidates from 322 initial predictions. Although demonstrated here for vaccine development, this workflow can be adapted for diverse neoantigen therapies and experiments. Therefore, this protocol provides the research community with a reproducible, version-controlled framework for designing personalized neoantigen vaccines, supported by detailed documentation, example datasets, and open-source code.

q-bio.GN↗

arXiv2024

pVACview: an interactive visualization tool for efficient neoantigen prioritization and selection

Neoantigen targeting therapies including personalized vaccines have shown promise in the treatment of cancers. Accurate identification/prioritization of neoantigens is highly relevant to designing clinical trials, predicting treatment response, and understanding mechanisms of resistance. With the advent of massively parallel sequencing technologies, it is now possible to predict neoantigens based on patient-specific variant information. However, numerous factors must be considered when prioritizing neoantigens for use in personalized therapies. Complexities such as alternative transcript annotations, various binding, presentation and immunogenicity prediction algorithms, and variable peptide lengths/registers all potentially impact the neoantigen selection process. While computational tools generate numerous algorithmic predictions for neoantigen characterization, results from these pipelines are difficult to navigate and require extensive knowledge of the underlying tools for accurate interpretation. Due to the intricate nature and number of salient neoantigen features, presenting all relevant information to facilitate candidate selection for downstream applications is a difficult challenge that current tools fail to address. We have created pVACview, the first interactive tool designed to aid in the prioritization and selection of neoantigen candidates for personalized neoantigen therapies. pVACview has a user-friendly and intuitive interface where users can upload, explore, select and export their neoantigen candidates. The tool allows users to visualize candidates using variant, transcript and peptide information. pVACview will allow researchers to analyze and prioritize neoantigen candidates with greater efficiency and accuracy in basic and translational settings. The application is available as part of the pVACtools pipeline at pvactools.org and as an online server at pvacview.org.

q-bio.GN↗

arXiv2021

Bam-readcount -- rapid generation of basepair-resolution sequence metrics

Bam-readcount is a utility for generating low-level information about sequencing data at specific nucleotide positions. Originally designed to help filter genomic mutation calls, the metrics it outputs are useful as input for variant detection tools and for resolving ambiguity between variant callers . In addition, it has found broad applicability in diverse fields including tumor evolution, single-cell genomics, climate change ecology, and tracking community spread of SARS-CoV-2. Here we report on the release of version 1.0 of this tool, which adds CRAM support, among other improvements. It is released under a permissive MIT license and available at https://github.com/genome/bam-readcount.

q-bio.GN↗