arXiv subjects

Malaya Kumar Biswal M

Publications and source records attributed to Malaya Kumar Biswal M.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Analysis of Object Detection Models for Tiny Object in Satellite Imagery: A Dataset-Centric Approach

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in deep learning-based object detection algorithms, revolutionizing basic computer vision tasks, notably in object detection, tracking, and segmentation. This paper delves into the intricate domain of Small-Object-Detection (SOD) within satellite imagery, highlighting the unique challenges stemming from wide imaging ranges, object distribution, and their varying appearances in bird's-eye-view satellite images. Traditional object detection models face difficulties in detecting small objects due to limited contextual information and class imbalances. To address this, our research presents a meticulously curated dataset comprising 3000 images showcasing cars, ships, and airplanes in satellite imagery. Our study aims to provide valuable insights into small object detection in satellite imagery by empirically evaluating state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, we tackle the challenges of satellite video-based object tracking, employing the Byte Track algorithm on the SAT-MTB dataset. Through rigorous experimentation, we aim to offer a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of state-of-the-art models in Small-Object-Detection for satellite applications. Our findings shed light on the effectiveness of these models and pave the way for future advancements in satellite imagery analysis.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2023

Interpreted Investigation Report: Loss of Vikram Lander During Lunar Landing Phase

This article examines India's first science lander mission on 22 July 2019, attempting a historic landing on the Lunar South Pole Region. Communication was lost at 2.1 km above the lunar surface during the rough braking phase. The cause of the Chandrayaan 2 lander "Vikram" failure remains undisclosed. Possible factors such as vibrations, thruster issues, and power depletion are considered. Recommendations include backup power sources and direct communication systems for interplanetary missions. Despite the setback, ISRO proposed "Chandrayaan 3" to explore the lunar polar region. Chandrayaan 2's legacy influences future missions, shaping India's aspirations for pioneering space endeavors. Gratitude is expressed to ISRO for insights gained during live coverage.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2021

Orbital and Planetary Challenges for Human Mars Exploration

The space challenges do exist at every stride on a human expedition to Mars that arise due to galactic natural phenomena and artificial technologies. This paper emphasizes on Mars orbital and planetary challenges encountered from orbit to the surface exploration. The Mars orbital challenges embrace hazards of cosmic radiation and asteroid impact in orbit, disrupted communication relay from the ground, the intelligence of planetary weather clearance, and execution of successful entry, descent, and landing. Comparably planetary challenge encompasses identifying scientific landing site, an intrusion of erratic environment and weather, complexity in in-situ resource extraction and exploitation, navigation and surface mobilization, and retarded communication from relay orbiters. The prime intent of this study is to present every prospective challenge and its recommendations impending human settlement on Mars.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2021

Conceptual Design of Mars Sample Return Mission Using Solar Montgolfieres

Space agencies have been incessantly working to propose a sustainable architecture for human Mars mission. But, before proceeding to a giant leap and accomplishing those mission intent, it is significant to know the extent of possibility to expand terrestrial species on the vast red planet. Decades of scientific exploration and experimentation through planetary landers and rovers showed uncertain and unsatisfactory results to determine the possibility of life on Mars. Consequently, the technological limitation has impeded to perform in-situ experimentation and analysis on the surface. Therefore, we require soil samples through Mars sample return vehicles for superior analysis in our ground-based laboratories or on-orbit analysis aboard International Space Station from the aspect of planetary protection policy. Sampling analysis either in ground or orbit will report the presence of fundamental constituents to harbor life. To effectuate this intent, we have proposed a unique sample return architecture integrated with large solar Montgolfier. Here, we deploy parachute and retro propulsion thrusters to deliver sample return vehicles on to the surface and systematic ascend with the aid of solar Montgolfier to propel the MSRV out of Mars atmosphere. Subsequently, the MSRV effectuates orbital rendezvous with orbiter for the refueling process and safe return. The proposed concept is cheap, robust and simple as compared to the current state of MSR architectures ultimately minimizing the technological necessities. It also detains backup plans that were found to be nowhere presented in any of sample return strategies. Further, we have extended our discussion to comprehensively analyze entire MSR architecture with our concept for mission feasibility.

physics.space-ph↗

arXiv2021

Human Mars Exploration and Expedition Challenges

Mars is the next frontier for the space explorers to demonstrate the extent of human presence in space beyond low-earth orbit. Both government and private space industries have been fascinated by Mars quest to attempt a crewed expedition to the red planet. The journey to Mars is vastly challenging as it endowed with numerous challenges from the inception of the mission engage to the mission achievement. Therefore, it is substantial to overcome those challenges for a reliable mission. Hence we have studied and emphasized the comprehensive challenges under the categorization of terrestrial, Earth-bound, interplanetary, Mars-bound, and planetary surface challenges. These challenges are suspected to encounter by the astronauts and mission planners throughout the mission timeline. Our research is different from other studies as it reports complete challenges and their implications on the way to human exploration of Mars.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2021

A Study on Mars Probe Failures

The long term dreams to approach Mars requires numerous spacecraft attempts for exploration as well as to understand the perception of the red planet. Before launching a mission, the space probe undergoes critical ground testing and effective preparation. Though probes were carefully tested and validated, many experiences temporary or permanent setbacks prior to their final state of mission accomplishment, resulting in the failure of the mission. In order to figure out the problems concerning probe malfunction or failure, we conducted a study on failed Mars probes that are launched between 1960 to 2020. The probes were characterized to determine various modes of failure and their impact on the missions. The results of our study from past probes showed effective integration and testing, sterling fabrication and validation of space probes, adequate software design, feasible recovery options, and novel guidance to probe computers and communication systems.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2021

Mars Missions Failure Report Assortment: Review and Conspectus

Mars has been successfully explored by various space firms. Globally, 44 mission attempts were made, lamentably 26 encountered setbacks. There have been instances where a trivial error in the progressive accomplishment of spaceflight sequence might prompt in an extreme loss. Hence in this paper, we have investigated several failure records and investigation reports of spacecraft attempted towards Mars. The report comprises a precise and summarized report assessed from various adequate online resources as well as published research articles. Analyzing records, spaceflight sequence charts, and mission targets achieved were technically tabularized beginning from launch to the Mars landing. Additionally, we have estimated approximate mission duration, the rate of failure, and their proportions and were graphically portrayed. Further, we have generated graphical representations of the number of spacecraft launches concerning the country, type of spacecraft, and launch vehicles.

physics.space-ph↗

arXiv2021

Interplanetary Challenges Encountered by the Crew During their Interplanetary Transit from Earth to Mars

Mars is the next destination after Earth to support terrestrial life. Decades of Mars exploration has fascinated space explorers to endeavour for a human expedition. But human Mars enterprise is complicated than conventional mission as the journey is endowed with a profusion of distinct challenges from terrestrial planet to the planetary surface. To perceive and overcome the implications of interplanetary challenges, we conducted a study to manifest every challenge encountered during interplanetary transit from Earth to Mars. Our study concluded entire challenges were attributed to the options for trajectory correction and maneuvering, management of space vehicles, the hazards of exposure to galactic radiation, effects of crew health in a microgravity environment, deficit solar power production, hazards of nuclear elements, psychologic and health effects, interrupted communication interlink from the ground, the complication in fuel pressurization and management, recycling of space wastes, execution of the extra-vehicular activity, and Mars orbital insertion. The main objective of this paper is to underline all possible challenges and its countermeasures for a sustainable crewed mission beyond low earth orbit in forthcoming decades.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2020

Assessment of Efficiency, Impact Factor, Impact of Probe Mass, Probe Life Expectancy, and Reliability of Mars Missions

Mars is the next frontier after Moon for space explorers to demonstrate the extent of human expedition and technology beyond low-earth orbit. Government space agencies as well as private space sectors are extensively endeavouring for a better space enterprise. Focusing on the inspiration to reach Mars by robotic satellite, we have interpreted some of the significant mission parameters like proportionality of mission attempts, efficiency and reliability of Mars probes, Impact and Impact Factor of mass on mission duration, Time lag between consecutive mission attempts, interpretation of probe life and transitional region employing various mathematical analysis. And we have discussed the importance of these parameters for a prospective mission accomplishment. Our novelty in this paper is we have found a deep relation describing that the probe mass adversely affects the mission duration. Applying this relation, we also interpreted the duration of probe life expectancy for upcoming missions.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2020

Conceptual Design of Mars Lander with Novel Impact Intriguing System

Landing robotic spacecrafts and humans on Mars has become one of the inevitable technological necessities for humans. Effectuating perfect Mars expedition requires landing of enormous cargoes, crewed modules, ascent vehicles, and scientific laboratories. Crash-landing destructs landing modules due to a lack of adequate impact absorbers. Moreover, the existence of deformable shock absorbers like Aluminium honeycomb and carbon fibers within landing gears are defeasible for large-scale mass and crewed landing. Further in the EDL scenario, switching of events within a limited span of 5 to 8 minutes appears to be the most challenging task for landers. Scrutinizing these concerns, we propose a novel impact intriguing system that will be more achievable for extensive landing missions. This paper represents the conceptual design of Mars lander and we expect that subject to any obstruction in EDL sequence, this mechanical system will endorse soft-landing in forthcoming missions. Hence our ultimate aim is to protect lander modules and their instruments over the defective landing.

physics.pop-ph↗

arXiv2019

Human Mars Mission Architecture -- Plan to Settle the Red Planet with 1000 People

Exploration is one of the attentive endeavor to mankind and a strategy for evolution. We have been incessantly reconnoitering our planet and universe from Mesopotamian era to modern era. The progression of rocketry and planetary science in past century engendered a futuristic window to explore Mars which have been a source of inspiration to hundreds of astronomers and scientists. Globally, it invigorated space exploration agencies to make expedition for planetary exploration to Mars and Human Mars Missions. Scientists and engineers have portrayed numerous Human Mars Mission proposals and plans but currently the design reference mission 5.0 of NASA is the only mission under study. Here we propose a mission architecture for permanent Human Mars Settlement with 1000 peoples with multiple launch of sufficient cargoes and scientific instruments

physics.pop-ph↗