arXiv subjects

Malik H. Walker

Publications and source records attributed to Malik H. Walker.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Radial Dependency of ICME-associated Particle Acceleration Processes: Statistical Multipoint Observations from 2016-2023

During the propagation of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), evolution of the ICME-driven shock along with interactions with other solar wind structures, planetary bodies, and general changes to their morphology can alter particle acceleration efficiency and transport effects at their associated shocks. While the underlying mechanisms for these processes have been studied, the connection between the radial evolution of the ICME-driven shock during propagation and resulting gradual Solar Energetic Particle (SEP)and Energetic Storm Particle (ESP) intensities, composition, and acceleration has yet to be fully understood. The current distributed array of spacecraft at varying heliocentric distances provides a welcome opportunity to statistically analyze the radial dependency of particle populations and acceleration mechanisms present at ICME-driven shocks. We compile a database of 39 multipoint ICME events from 2016-2023, which are observed in situ by at least two of the following spacecraft: Parker Solar Probe (PSP), Solar Orbiter, ACE, Wind, and STEREO-A. Using the magnetic field, plasma, and ion compositional data provided by these spacecraft, we derive both local shock and ESP spectral shape parameters. By comparing the changes in these parameters at different stages of ICME propagation, we analyze the connection between the evolution of the local shock conditions and the spectral shape. We find evidence to suggest a consistent increase in shock acceleration efficiency with heliocentric distance while the parent ICME is within 0.7 au, followed by a reduction in shock efficiency at further distances.

physics.space-ph↗

arXiv2024

Radial Evolution of ICME-Associated Particle Acceleration Observed by Solar Orbiter and ACE

On 2022 March 10, a coronal mass ejection (CME) erupted from the Sun, resulting in Solar Orbiter observations at 0.45 au of both dispersive solar energetic particles arriving prior to the interplanetary CME (ICME) and locally accelerated particles near the ICME-associated shock structure as it passed the spacecraft on 2022 March 11. This shock was later detected on 2022 March 14 by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), which was radially aligned with Solar Orbiter, at 1 au. Ion composition data from both spacecraft -- via the Solar Orbiter Energetic Particle Detector/ Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (EPD/SIS) and the Ultra Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS) on ACE -- allows for in-depth analysis of the radial evolution of species-dependent ICME shock-associated acceleration processes for this event. We present a study of the ion spectra observed at 0.45 and 1 au during both the gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) and energetic storm particle (ESP) phases of the event. We find that the shapes of the spectra seen at each spacecraft have significant differences that were likely caused by varying shock geometry: Solar Orbiter spectra tend to lack spectral breaks, and the higher energy portions of the ACE spectra have comparable average flux to the Solar Orbiter spectra. Through an analysis of rigidity effects on the spectral breaks observed by ACE, we conclude that the 1 au observations were largely influenced by a suprathermal pool of $\mathrm{He}^{+}$ ions that were enhanced due to propagation along a stream interaction region (SIR) that was interacting with the ICME at times of observation.

astro-ph.SR↗