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Mamadou Ciss

Publications and source records attributed to Mamadou Ciss.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

A Nonlinear elliptic PDE with curve singularity on the boundary

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^{N+1}$ ($N \geq 3$) with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega$ and $\Sigma$ be a closed submanifold contained on $\partial \Omega$ and containing $0$. We are interesting in the existence of positive $H^1(\Omega)$-solution of the following Hardy-Sobolev trace type equation \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Delta u+u=0 \qquad & \textrm{ in $\Omega$}\\\\ \displaystyle\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}= \rho_{\Sigma}^{-s} u^{q_s-1} \qquad & \textrm{ on $\partial \Omega$}, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $\nu$ is the unit outer normal of $\partial \Omega$, $\rho_\Sigma: \partial \Omega \to \mathbb{R}$ is the distance function in $\partial \Omega$ to the curve $\Sigma$: $$ \rho_\Sigma(x):= \inf_{y \in \Sigma} d_{\tilde{g}}(x, y) $$ and for $0\leq s <1$, $q_s:=\frac{2(N-s)}{N-1}$ is the critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent. The existence of solution may depend on the local geometry of the boundary $\partial \Omega$ and $\Sigma$ at $0$ or in the shapes of the domain $\Omega$ and its boundary $\partial \Omega$.

math.AP

On a family of Einstein like Walker metrics

A four dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold of signature (2, 2) is called a Walker manifold if it admits a parallel degenerate plane field. In this paper, we study the curvature properties of such a class of four dimensional Walker manifolds. In particular, we characterize Walker metrics of a given form which are Einstein-like.

math.DG

Description of the cattle and small ruminants trade network in Senegal and implication for the surveillance of animal diseases

Livestock mobility, particularly that of small and large ruminants, is one of the main pillars of production and trade in West Africa: livestock is moved around in search of better grazing or sold in markets for domestic consumption and for festival-related activities. These movements cover several thousand kilometers and have the capability of connecting the whole West African region thus facilitating the diffusion of many animal and zoonotic diseases. Several factors shape mobility patterns even in normal years and surveillance systems need to account for such changes. In this paper, we present a procedure based on temporal network theory to identify possible sentinel locations using two indicators: vulnerability (i.e. the probability of being reached by the disease) and time of infection (i.e. the time of first arrival of the disease). Using these indicators in our structural analysis of the changing network enabled us to identify a set of nodes that could be used in an early warning system. As a case study we simulated the introduction of F.A.S.T. (Foot and Mouth Similar Transboundary) diseases in Senegal and used data taken from 2020 Sanitary certificates (LPS, laissez-passer sanitaire) issued by the Senegalese Veterinary Services to reconstruct the national mobility network. Our analysis showed that a static approach can significantly overestimate the speed and the extent of disease propagation, whereas temporal analysis revealed that the reachability and vulnerability of the different administrative departments (used as nodes of the mobility network) change over the course of the year. For this reason, several sets of sentinel nodes were identified in different periods of the year, underlining the role of temporality in shaping patterns of disease diffusion.

physics.soc-ph

A model-based approach to assess the effectiveness of pest biocontrol by natural enemies

Main goal: The aim of this note is to propose a modeling approach for assessing the effectiveness of pest biocontrol by natural enemies in diversified agricultural landscapes including several pesticide-based management strategies. Our approach combines a stochastic landscape model with a spatially-explicit model of population dynamics. It enables us to analyze the effect of the landscape composition (proportion of semi-natural habitat, non-treated crops, slightly treated crops and conventionally treated crops) on the effectiveness of pest biocontrol. Effectiveness is measured through environmental and agronomical descriptors, measuring respectively the impact of the pesticides on the environment and the average agronomic productivity of the whole landscape taking into account losses caused by pests. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the pesticide, the intensity of the treatment and the pest intrinsic growth rate are found to be the main drivers of landscape productivity. The loss in productivity due to a reduced use of pesticide can be partly compensated by biocontrol. However, the model suggests that it is not possible to maintain a constant level of productivity while reducing the use of pesticides, even with highly efficient natural enemies. Fragmentation of the semi-natural habitats and increased crop rotation tend to slightly enhance the effectiveness of biocontrol but have a marginal effect compared to the predation rate by natural enemies. This note was written in the framework of the ANR project PEERLESS "Predictive Ecological Engineering for Landscape Ecosystem Services and Sustainability"(ANR-12-AGRO-0006).

q-bio.PE