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Manas Kulkarni

Publications and source records attributed to Manas Kulkarni.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Quantum resetting with memory

We introduce a quantum stochastic resetting protocol with uniform memory, in which each resetting event returns the system to a state visited at a time chosen uniformly from its entire history. The resulting dynamics is nonunitary, non-Markovian and a direct quantum generalization of the classical preferential relocation model. Working in the energy eigenbasis, we derive the exact evolution of every density-matrix element for an arbitrary time-independent Hamiltonian and show that the Hamiltonian enters the dynamics only through the corresponding Bohr frequencies. This leads to a natural distinction between two classes of quantum systems: gapped and gapless. In \emph{gapped systems} (systems with a discrete energy spectrum), while the diagonal elements remain unchanged, the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix in the energy eigenbasis decay algebraically with a continuously varying exponent and with an amplitude that oscillates periodically in $\log t$. The system therefore approaches a stationary state that is independent of the resetting rate and retains a strong memory of the initial state. In \emph{gapless systems} (systems with a continuous energy spectrum), arbitrarily small Bohr frequencies prevent stationarity. Instead, the position distribution spreads on the universal (ultra-slow) scale $\log(rt)/r$, independently of the initial state and of the details of the Hamiltonian. We illustrate these results with a two-level system, a harmonic oscillator, and a free quantum particle, and contrast them with their classical counterparts.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Chaos from quantum bath fluctuations

The effect of a large environment on a finite-size quantum mechanical system is two-fold: It brings dissipation, but also fluctuations of thermal and quantum origin. While dissipation tends to stabilize the dynamics, we question if and how environmental quantum fluctuations can generate chaos in an otherwise classically non-chaotic system. We work out a paradigmatic model of quantum optics: the dissipative Dicke model, where a large spin interacts with a dissipative harmonic mode. We dial in the classical/quantum correspondence by working in the semiclassical regime at large but finite spin. We demonstrate that, starting from a classically regular phase space in the superradiant regime, quantum noise can generate a strange attractor with fractal dimension and a positive Lyapunov exponent. We unveil the deep connection with shear-induced chaos that was recently developed in the mathematical community.

quant-ph

Control transition in a temporally random classical spin chain

We theoretically explore a phase transition between controlled and chaotic dynamics in a classical spin chain model subject to chaotic Hamiltonian dynamics and a contractive "control map", which alternate in time. The control map drives the system toward a target configuration that is an unstable fixed point under the chaotic dynamics. When the control is strong enough, the target configuration is the globally attracting stable fixed point of the dynamics; for weaker control, the many-body dynamics remains chaotic for almost all initial states. The phase transition between controlled and chaotic phases has a mixed character: As the transition is approached from the chaotic phase, the fraction of the spins that are far from the target configuration goes continuously to zero, and there are diverging spatial and temporal correlation lengths; however, the leading Lyapunov exponent is discontinuous across the transition, jumping from a positive value in the chaotic phase to a negative value in the controlled phase. We present evidence that this transition is in the same universality class as directed percolation in the presence of temporal randomness, a universality class for which we obtain results that are consistent with the dynamical Harris criterion but do not saturate the bound.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Quantized Transport in Floquet Topological Insulators

We study quantum transport in a periodically driven (Floquet) topological system coupled to static fermionic reservoirs. Using the Floquet nonequilibrium Green's-function (NEGF) formalism we show, from exact numerics for a strip geometry, that the two-terminal (longitudinal) conductance is quantized as $|W_{\varepsilon}|\,e^2/h$, while the Hall (transverse) conductance is quantized as $W_{\varepsilon}\,e^2/h$, where $W_{\varepsilon}$ is the Floquet winding invariant associated with the quasienergy gap at $\varepsilon = 0$ or $\varepsilon = \Omega/2$. Quantization is achieved only after summing over the contribution of all Floquet sidebands. We provide an analytic understanding of this Floquet conductance sum rule, by considering the Hall conductance in the weak coupling limit. In that limit, we show that the Floquet Hall conductance gets contributions from the Floquet sidebands, which includes the signs of the velocities of the edge modes. Their sum yields exact quantization, as predicted by the Floquet sum rule. We find that in a wide range of parameter regime, the convergence is fast, making observation of the sum rule and Floquet winding numbers accessible to experiments.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Generating pairwise entanglement in periodically driven quantum spin chains with stochastic resetting

We show that stochastic resetting may lead to finite entanglement between individual, spatially separated spins (pairwise entanglement) in the steady state of the spin chains driven periodically with frequency $\omega_D$. We find the presence of a critical resetting rate $r_c$ below which the steady state pairwise entanglement, measured via concurrence $C$, vanishes. We also identify an optimal resetting rate $r_m$ at which $C$ becomes maximum. These critical and optimal rates exhibit a non-monotonic dependence on $\omega_D$. Our analysis demonstrates the existence of special drive frequencies at which $r_c$ vanishes and $r_m$ attains minima. We compute $C$ in the presence of stochastic resetting using exact diagonalization for both the integrable XY model and non-integrable Rydberg spin chains, which demonstrate these features. Our numerical results match perturbative analytical expressions for the special drive frequencies in the large drive amplitude regime.

quant-ph

Measurement and feedback-driven adaptive dynamics in the classical and quantum kicked top

In classical dynamical systems, stochastic feedback can stabilize otherwise unstable periodic orbits, giving rise to distinct controlled and uncontrolled phases as the rate of control application is varied. In this work, we apply these control protocols in classical, semiclassical, and quantum regimes to the kicked top, a paradigmatic model of quantum chaos. The quantum kicked top, modeled as the dynamics of a spin-S object, naturally interpolates between these regimes with the spin size S acting as an effective Planck constant. We show that the dynamics of the kicked top in classical, semiclassical, and fully quantum limits can all be controlled using stochastic feedback protocols. Comparing the full quantum dynamics to a truncated Wigner approximation that captures quantum noise but neglects interference beyond the Ehrenfest time, we find that low-moment observables are largely accounted for semiclassically, while the remaining discrepancy in higher moments is consistent with contributions from interference and possibly nonlinearities in rare trajectories that explore the compact phase space. We also find rapid purification in the numerics studied for all rates of control considered, suggesting that control quenches the top's ability to encode a qubit of quantum information even in the uncontrolled phase.

quant-ph

Sluggish quantum mechanics of noninteracting fermions with spatially varying effective mass

We analyze a class of one-dimensional quantum systems characterized by a position-dependent kinetic term arising as the continuum limit of an inhomogeneous tight-binding model with spatially varying hopping amplitudes. In this limit, the Schrodinger equation takes the so-called BenDaniel-Duke form with an effective mass, scaling as $m_{eff}(x) = m_{eff}|x|^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha > 0$, leading to a framework we term sluggish quantum mechanics, where particle motion is progressively suppressed at larger distances. Both without any external potential and with $V_{ext}(x)=\frac{1}{2}m_{eff}\omega^2 |x|^{\alpha+2}$, we obtain the eigenfunctions and the quantum propagators exactly. We then investigate the problem of $N$ noninteracting spinless fermions in the trap, determining the many-body ground-state wavefunction and the joint probability density function of the positions of the $N$ fermions. We show that the many-body quantum probability density in the ground state forms a determinantal point process whose correlation kernel can be computed for any $N$, giving access to the average density as well as higher order correlation functions for any finite $N$. Moreover, we analyze the scaling form of this kernel in the large $N$ limit in the bulk, near the edge, and close to the origin. Our results show that the scaled average density profile for large $N$ has a finite support symmetric with respect to the origin, but has a non-monotonic shape with a vanishing minimum at the origin for any $\alpha>0$. One of the key findings of our work is that the scaled kernel near the origin $x=0$ for $\alpha>0$ is neither the Bessel nor the Airy kernel (that are standard for trapped fermions), but is new, and is given by a sum of two Bessel kernels with different indices. Our results thus provide a framework relevant to engineered optical lattices with position-dependent tunneling.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Towers of quantum many-body scars under stochastic resetting

Towers of quantum many-body scars are sets of highly-excited eigenstates of nonintegrable Hamiltonians whose dynamics shows athermal behavior and persistent oscillations in time. The preparation of such states is, however, challenging due to their entanglement content. In this work, we show that local properties of such states can be prepared by interspersing the scarred dynamics with stochastic resets to much simpler unentangled product states. Stochastic resetting amounts to reinitializing the many-body wavefunction of the system at random times to a predefined state, which we choose to be in the scarred subspace. We derive several analytical results for the ensuing dynamics, e.g., for the time evolution of the fidelity and of local observables. Resetting damps the scarred oscillations and generates spatial off-diagonal long-range order in the ensuing stationary state. The latter shows mixedness that scales logarithmically as a function of the system size, which follows from the structure of the scarred eigenstates. We prove that such stationary states are locally equivalent, in the sparse-resetting limit, to a single pure scarred eigenstate, which is determined by the reset state. This protocol thereby might represent a route to the experimental preparation of the local properties of correlated and entangled states through resetting.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Semidefinite programming for understanding the limitations of Lindblad equations

Lindbladian quantum master equations (LEs) are the most popular descriptions for quantum systems weakly coupled to baths. But, recent works have established that in many situations such Markovian descriptions are fundamentally limited: they cannot simultaneously capture populations and coherences even to the leading-order in system-bath couplings. This can cause violation of fundamental properties like thermalization and continuity equations associated with local conservation laws, even when such properties are expected in the actual setting. This begs the question: given a physical situation, how do we know if there exists an LE that describes it to a desired accuracy? Here we show that, for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium steady states (NESS), this question can be succinctly formulated as a semidefinite program (SDP), a convex optimization technique. If a solution to the SDP can be found to a desired accuracy, then an LE description is possible for the chosen setting. If not, no LE description is fundamentally attainable, showing that a consistent Markovian treatment is impossible even at weak system-bath coupling for that particular setting. Considering few qubit isotropic XXZ-type models coupled to multiple baths, we find that in most parameter regimes, LE description giving accurate populations and coherences to leading-order is unattainable, leading to rigorous no-go results. However, in some cases, LE description having correct populations but inaccurate coherences, and satisfying local conservation laws, is possible over some of the parameter regimes. Our work highlights the power of semidefinite programming in the analysis of physically consistent LEs, thereby, in understanding the limits of Markovian descriptions at weak system-bath couplings.

quant-ph

Non-Equilibrium Phase Transition in a Boundary-Driven Dissipative Fermionic Chain

We demonstrate that a boundary-localized periodic (Floquet) drive can induce nontrivial long-range correlations in a non-interacting fermionic chain which is additionally subject to boundary dissipation. Surprisingly, we find that this phenomenon occurs even when the corresponding isolated bulk is in a trivial gapped phase with exponentially decaying correlations. We argue that this boundary-drive induced non-equilibrium transition (as witnessed through the correlation matrix) is driven by a resonance mechanism whereby the drive frequency bridges bulk energy gaps, allowing boundary-injected particles and holes to propagate and mediate long-range correlations into the bulk. We also numerically establish that when the drive bridges a particle-hole gap, the induced long-range order scales as a power law with the bulk pairing potential ($\chi \sim \gamma^2$). Our results highlight the potential of localized coherent driving for generating macroscopic order in open quantum systems.

quant-ph

The distribution of the moment of inertia for harmonically trapped noninteracting Bosons at finite temperature: large deviations

We compute the full probability distribution of the moment of inertia $I \propto \sum_{i=1}^N \vec{r}_i^2$ of a gas of $N$ noninteracting bosons trapped in a harmonic potential $V(r) = (1/2) m \omega^2 r^2$, in all dimensions and at all temperatures. The appropriate thermodynamic limit in a trapped Bose gas consists in taking $N\to\infty$ and $\omega\to 0$ with their product $\rho = N\omega^d$ fixed, where $\rho$ plays a role analogous to density in a translationally invariant system. In this thermodynamic limit and in dimensions $d>1$, the harmonically trapped Bose gas undergoes a Bose--Einstein condensation (BEC) transition as $\rho$ crosses a critical value $\rho_c(\beta)$, where $\beta$ denotes the inverse temperature. We show that the nature of the condensation is different for $1 2$. Near the condensation transition, for simplicity, we provide the analysis only for $d>2$. We show that the probability distribution $P_\beta(I,N)$ of $I$ admits a large deviation form $P_\beta(I,N) \sim e^{-V\Phi(I/V)}$, where $V = \omega^{-d} \gg 1$. We compute explicitly the rate function $\Phi(z)$ and show that it exhibits a singularity at a critical value $z=z_c$, where its second derivative undergoes a discontinuous jump. In addition, on the condensed side, $\Phi(z)$ becomes independent of $\rho$ for $z 1$. This provides a real-space diagnostic for the BEC transition in the noninteracting Bose gas.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Dynamics of number entropy for free fermionic systems in presence of defects and stochastic processes

We investigate the dynamics of number entropy in a chain of free fermions subjected to both defects and stochastic processes. For a special class of defects, namely conformal defects, we present analytical and numerical results for the temporal growth of number entropy, the time evolution of the number distribution, and the eigenvalue profile of the associated correlation matrix within a subsystem. We show that the number entropy exhibits logarithmic growth in time, originating from the Gaussian structure of the number distribution. We find that the eigenvalue dynamics reveal a profound connection to the reflection and transmission coefficients of the associated scattering problem for a broad range of defects. When stochastic processes are introduced, specifically Stochastic Unitary Processes (SUP) and Quantum State Diffusion (QSD), the number entropy scales as $\ln(t)$ in the SUP case and shows strong hints of $\ln [\ln(t)]$ scaling in the QSD case. These findings establish compelling evidence that number entropy grows logarithmically slower than the corresponding von Neumann entanglement entropy across a wide class of systems.

quant-ph

Quantum dynamics in lattices in presence of bulk dephasing and a localized source

The aim of this work is to study the dynamics of quantum systems subjected to a localized fermionic source in the presence of bulk dephasing. We consider two classes of one-dimensional lattice systems: (i) a non-interacting lattice with nearest-neighbor and beyond, i.e., long-ranged (power-law) hopping, and (ii) a lattice that is interacting via short-range interactions modeled by a fermionic quartic Hamiltonian. We study the evolution of the local density profile $n_i(t)$ within the system and the growth of the total particle number $N(t)$ in it. For case (i), we provide analytical insights into the dynamics of the nearest-neighbor model using an adiabatic approximation, which relies on assuming faster relaxation of coherences of the single particle density matrix. For case (ii), we perform numerical computations using the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) algorithm and analyze the density profile and the growth exponent in $N(t)$. Our detailed study reveals an interesting interplay between Hamiltonian dynamics and various environmentally induced mechanisms in open quantum systems, such as local source and bulk dephasing. It brings out rich dynamics, including universal dynamical scaling and anomalous behavior across various time scales and is of relevance to various quantum simulation platforms.

quant-ph

Localization of information driven by stochastic resetting

The dynamics of extended many-body systems are generically chaotic. Classically, a hallmark of chaos is the exponential sensitivity to initial conditions captured by positive Lyapunov exponents. Supplementing chaotic dynamics with stochastic resetting drives a sharp dynamical phase transition: We show that the Lyapunov spectrum, i.e., the complete set of Lyapunov exponents, abruptly collapses to zero above a critical resetting rate. At criticality, we find a sudden loss of analyticity of the velocity-dependent Lyapunov exponent, which we relate to the transition from ballistic scrambling of information to an arrested regime where information becomes exponentially localized over a characteristic length diverging at criticality with an exponent $\nu = 1/2$ and a dynamical exponent $z=2$. We illustrate our analytical results on generic chaotic dynamics by numerical simulations of coupled map lattices.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Quenched properties of the Spectral Form Factor

The Spectral Form Factor (SFF) is defined as the modulus squared of the partition function in complex temperature for hermitian matrices and a suitable generalisation has been given in the non hermitian case. In this work we compute the properties of the quenched SFF for hermitian and non hermitian random matrices. Despite the fact that the (annealed) SFF is not self-averaging the quenched SFF is self-averaging but these two averages coincide up to subleading constants (at least for high enough temperatures). The fluctuations of $\log \mathrm{SFF}$ are deep and one encounters thin spikes when moving close to a zero of the partition function. We study the partition function at late times by considering a suitable change of variable which turns out to be compatible with a Gumbel distribution. We note that the exponential tails of this distribution can be obtained by the deep spikes in the $\log \mathrm{SFF}$, namely the zeros of the partition function. We compare with the results obtained in isolated many-body systems and we show that same results hold at late times also for non-hermitian Hamiltonains and non-hermitian random matrices.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Dynamically generated correlations in a trapped bosonic gas via frequency quenches

We study a system of $N$ noninteracting bosons in a harmonic trap subjected to repeated quantum quenches, where the trap frequency is switched from one value to another after a random time duration drawn from an exponential distribution. Each cycle contains two steps: (i) changing the trap frequency to enable unitary evolution under a Hamiltonian, and (ii) reapplying the original trap at stochastic times to cool the gas back to its initial state. This protocol effectively makes it an open quantum system and drives it into a unique nonequilibrium steady state (NESS). We analytically and numerically characterize the NESS, uncovering a conditionally independent and identically distributed (CIID) structure in the joint probability density function (JPDF) of the positions. The JPDF in the CIID structure is a product of Gaussians with a common random variance, which is then averaged with respect to its distribution, making the JPDF non-factorizable, giving rise to long-range emergent dynamical correlations. The average density profile of the gas shows significant deviations from the initial Gaussian shape. We further compute the order and the gap statistics, revealing universal scaling in both bulk and edge regimes. We also analyze the full counting statistics, exposing rich parameter-dependent structure. Our results demonstrate how stochastic quenches can generate nontrivial correlations in quantum many-body systems.

cond-mat.quant-gas

Extreme dynamics and relaxation of quantum gases: A hydrodynamic approach

The evolution of quantum gases, released from traps, are studied through hydrodynamics, both analytically and numerically, in one and two dimensions. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of long time self-similar solutions of the Euler equations, for the density and velocity fields, and derive the scaling exponents as well as the scaling functions. We find that the expanding gas develops a shock front and the size of the cloud grows in time as a powerlaw. We relate the associated exponent to that appearing in the corresponding equation of state of the quantum gas. Furthermore, we study the relaxation dynamics of a trapped quantum gas and show that the resulting steady state is in excellent agreement with that derived analytically. Our hydrodynamic approach is versatile and can be used to unravel several other far-from-equilibrium collective phenomenon of extreme nature, relevant to the growing experimental interests in quantum gases.

cond-mat.quant-gas

Experimental evidence for strong emergent correlations between particles in a switching trap

We experimentally study a system of $N = 4$ two-dimensional Brownian particles, each confined in a harmonic trap with identical stiffness. The stiffness switches simultaneously between two values at random Poissonian times. This collective switching drives the system into a non-equilibrium stationary state (NESS) with strong long-range correlations between the positions of the particles. Remarkably, we find that, despite the presence of hydrodynamic interactions between the particles mediated by the surrounding fluid, the statistics of some observables are insensitive to hydrodynamic interactions and are well described by the noninteracting theory. Comparing with exact theoretical predictions for noninteracting particles, we observe excellent agreement between theory and experiments for three such observables, namely the correlations between particles, extreme value and order statistics (maxima, minima and ranked positions) and the full counting statistics (i.e., the distribution of the number of particles in a finite interval $[-L, L]$ around the trap center).

cond-mat.stat-mech