arXiv subjects

Manfred Requardt

Publications and source records attributed to Manfred Requardt.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2008

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Lorentz and (Galilei) Boosts in (Relativistic) Many-Body Systems

We extend a result by Ojima on spontaneous symmetry breaking of Lorentz boosts in thermal (KMS) states and show that it is in fact a special case in a more general class of examples of spontaneous symmetry breaking of Lorentz symmetry in relativistic many-body systems. Furthermore we analyse the nature of the corresponding Goldstone phenomenon and the type of Goldstone excitations (provided they have particle character).

hep-th↗

arXiv2008

Thermodynamics meets Special Relativity -- or what is real in Physics?

In this paper we carefully reexamine the various framworks existing in the field of relativistic thermodynamics. We scrutinize in particular the different conceptual foundations of notions like the relativistic work, heat force, moving heat and relativistic temperature. As to the latter notion we argue that, as in ordinary thermodynamics, relativistic absolute temperature should be introduced operationally via relativistic Carnot processes. We exhibit the more implicit or even hidden tacit preassumptions being made and point to a couple of gaps, errors and inconclusive statements in some of the existing literature. We show in particular that there is a wide-spread habit to draw general conclusions from the analysis of too restricted and special thermodynamic processes, e.g. processes with constant pressure, which is dangerous and sometimes leads to wrong results. Furthermore, we give a detailed analysis of the so-called zeroth law of relativistic thermodynamics with the help of a relativistic Carnot process. We rigorously show that, contrary to certain statements in the literature, thermodynamic systems at different relativistic temperatures, moving relative to each other, can thermally stably coexist provided that their respective temperatures obey a certain functional relation (given by the Lorentz factor). This implies however that their respective rest temperatures are the same.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2007

Entanglement-Entropy for Groundstates, Low-lying and Highly Excited Eigenstates of General (Lattice) Hamiltonians

We investigate the behavior of entanglement-entropy on a broad scale, that is, a large class of systems, Hamiltonians and states describing the interaction of many degrees of freedom. It is one of our aims to show which general characteristics are responsible for the different types of quantitative behavior of entantglement-entropy. Our main lesson is that what really matters is the degree of degeneracy of the spectrum of certain nearby reference Hamiltonians. For calculational convenience we study primarily systems defined on large but finite regions of regular lattices. We show that general vector states, being not related to some short-range Hamiltonian do not lead in the generic case to an area-like behavior of entanglement-entropy. The situation changes if eigenstates of a Hamiltonian with short-range interactions are studied. We found three broad classes of eigenstates. Global groundstates typically lead to entanglement-entropies of subvolumes proportional to the area of the dividing surface. Macroscopically excited (vector)states have in the generic case an entanglement-entropy which is proportional to the enclosed subvolume and, furthermore, display a certain Gibbsian behavior. Low-lying excited states, on the other hand, lead to an entanglement-entropy which is usually proportional to the logarithm of the enclosed subvolume times the area of the dividing surface .

hep-th↗

arXiv2007

Planck Fluctuations, Measurement Uncertainties and the Holographic Principle

Starting from a critical analysis of recently reported surprisingly large uncertainties in length and position measurements deduced within the framework of quantum gravity, we embark on an investigation both of the correlation structure of Planck scale fluctuations and the role the holographic hypothesis is possibly playing in this context. While we prove the logical independence of the fluctuation results and the holographic hypothesis (in contrast to some recent statements in that direction) we show that by combining these two topics one can draw quite strong and interesting conclusions about the fluctuation structure and the microscopic dynamics on the Planck scale. We further argue that these findings point to a possibly new and generalized form of quantum statistical mechanics of strongly (anti)correlated systems of degrees of freedom in this fundamental regime.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2006

Emergent Properties in Structurally Dynamic Disordered Cellular Networks

We relate structurally dynamic cellular networks, a class of models we developed in fundamental space-time physics, to SDCA, introduced some time ago by Ilachinski and Halpern. We emphasize the crucial property of a non-linear interaction of network geometry with the matter degrees of freedom in order to emulate the supposedly highly erratic and strongly fluctuating space-time structure on the Planck scale. We then embark on a detailed numerical analysis of various large scale characteristics of several classes of models in order to understand what will happen if some sort of macroscopic or continuum limit is performed. Of particular relevance in this context is a notion of network dimension and its behavior in this limit. Furthermore, the possibility of phase transitions is discussed.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2006

The Continuum Limit of Discrete Geometries

In various areas of modern physics and in particular in quantum gravity or foundational space-time physics it is of great importance to be in the possession of a systematic procedure by which a macroscopic or continuum limit can be constructed from a more primordial and basically discrete underlying substratum, which may behave in a quite erratic and irregular way. We develop such a framework within the category of general metric spaces by combining recent work of our own and ingeneous ideas of Gromov et al, developed in pure mathematics. A central role is played by two core concepts. For one, the notion of intrinsic scaling dimension of a (discrete) space or, in mathematical terms, the growth degree of a metric space at infinity, on the other hand, the concept of a metrical distance between general metric spaces and an appropriate scaling limit (called by us a geometric renormalisation group) performed in this metric space of spaces. In doing this we prove a variety of physically interesting results about the nature of this limit process, properties of the limit space as e.g. what preconditions qualify it as a smooth classical space-time and, in particular, its dimension.

math-ph↗

arXiv2006

An Analysis of the Transition Zone Between the Various Scaling Regimes in the Small-World Model

We analyse the so-called small-world network model (originally devised by Strogatz and Watts), treating it, among other things, as a case study of non-linear coupled difference or differential equations. We derive a system of evolution equations containing more of the previously neglected (possibly relevant) non-linear terms. As an exact solution of this entangled system of equations is out of question we develop a (as we think, promising) method of enclosing the ``exact'' solutions for the expected quantities by upper and lower bounds, which represent solutions of a slightly simpler system of differential equation. Furthermore we discuss the relation between difference and differential equations and scrutinize the limits of the spreading idea for random graphs. We then show that there exists in fact a ``broad'' (with respect to scaling exponents) crossover zone, smoothly interpolating between linear and logarithmic scaling of the diameter or average distance. We are able to corroborate earlier findings in certain regions of phase or parameter space (as e.g. the finite size scaling ansatz) but find also deviations for other choices of the parameters. Our analysis is supplemented by a variety of numerical calculations, which, among other things, quantify the effect of various approximations being made. With the help of our analytical results we manage to calculate another important network characteristic, the (fractal) dimension, and provide numerical values for the case of the small-world network. Catchwords: Small-World Networks, Non-linear Difference Equations

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2005

Supersymmetry on Graphs and Networks

We show that graphs, networks and other related discrete model systems carry a natural supersymmetric structure, which, apart from its conceptual importance as to possible physical applications, allows to derive a series of spectral properties for a class of graph operators which typically encode relevant graph characteristics.

math-ph↗

arXiv2004

Modifications of the Ornstein-Zernike Relation and the LMBW Equations in the Canonical Ensemble via Hilbert-Space Methods

Application of the density functional formalism to the canonical ensemble is of practical interest in cases where there is a marked difference between, say, the canonical and the grand canonical ensemble (cavities or pores). An important role is played by the necessary modification of the famous Ornstein-Zernike relation between pair correlation and direct correlation function, as the former is no longer invertible in a strict sense in (finite) canonical ensembles. Here we approach the problem from a different direction which may complement the density functional approach. In particular, we develop rigorous canonical ensemble versions of the LMBW equations, relating density gradient and exterior potential in the presence of explicit (singular) containing potentials. This is accomplished with the help of integral operator and Hilbert space methods, yielding among other things representations of the direct correlation function on certain subspaces. The results are particularly noteworthy and transparent if the segregating potential is a linear (gravitational) one. In that case the modifications in the LMBW equations can be expressed as pure, seemingly non-local integrations over the container boundaries.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2004

Wormhole Spaces, Connes' "Points, Speaking to Each Other", and the Translocal Structure of Quantum Theory

We amalgamate three seemingly quite different fields of concepts and phenomena and argue that they actually represent closely related aspects of a more primordial space-time structure called by us wormhole spaces. Connes' framework of non-commutative topological spaces and ``points, speaking to each other'', a translocal web of (cor)relations, being hidden in the depth-structure of our macroscopic space-time and made visible by the application of a new geometric renormalisation process, and the apparent but difficult to understand translocal features of quantum theory. We argue that the conception of our space-time continuum as being basically an aggregate of structureless points is almost surely to poor and has to be extended and that the conceptual structure of quantum theory, in particular its translocal features like e.g. entanglement and complex superposition, are exactly a mesoscopic consequence of this microscopic wormhole structure. We emphasize the close connections with the ``small world phenomenon'' and rigorously show that the micro state of our space-time, viewed as a dynamical system, has to be critical in a scale free way as recently observed in other fields of network science. We then briefly indicate the mechanisms by which this non-local structure manages to appear in a seemingly local disguise on the surface level, thus invoking a certain Machian spirit.

hep-th↗

arXiv2003

Scale Free Small World Networks and the Structure of Quantum Space-Time

We report on parallel observations in two seemingly unrelated areas of dynamical network research. The one is the so-called small world phenomenon and/or the observation of scale freeness in certain types of large (empirical) networks and their theoretical analysis. The other is a discrete cellular network approach to quantum space-time physics on the Planck scale we developed in the recent past. In this context we formulated a kind of geometric renormalisation group or coarse graining process in order to construct some fixed point which can be associated to our macroscopic space-time (physics). Such a fixed point can however only emerge if the network on the Planck scale has very peculiar critical geometric properties which strongly resemble the phenomena observed in the above mentioned networks. A particularly noteworthy phenomenon is the appearance of translocal bridges or short cuts connecting widely separated regions of ordinary space-time and which we expect to become relevant in various of the notorious quantum riddles.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2003

Scaling Analysis and Renormalisation Group for General (Quantum) Many Body Systems in the Critical Regime

With the help of a smooth scaling and coarse-graining approach of observables, developed recently by us in the context of so-called fluctuation operators (inspired by prior work of Verbeure et al) we perform a rigorous renormalisation group analysis of the critical regime. The approach is quite general, encompassing classical, quantum, discrete and continuous systems, the main thrust going to quantum many body systems. Our central topic is the analysis of the emergent properties of critical systems on the intermediate scales and in the scaling limit. To mention some particularly interesting points, we show that systems typically loose part of their quantum character in the scaling limit (vanishing of commutators) and we rigorously prove, with the help of the KMS-condition, the emergence of the phenomenon of critical slowing down together with the necessity of renormalising the time variable. These general features are then illustrated with the help of an instructive class of models and are related to the singular structure of quasi particle excitation modes for vanishing energy-momentum.

math-ph↗

arXiv2003

A Geometric Renormalisation Group in Discrete Quantum Space-Time

We model quantum space-time on the Planck scale as dynamical networks of elementary relations or time dependent random graphs, the time dependence being an effect of the underlying dynamical network laws. We formulate a kind of geometric renormalisation group on these (random) networks leading to a hierarchy of increasingly coarse-grained networks of overlapping lumps. We provide arguments that this process may generate a fixed limit phase, representing our continuous space-time on a mesoscopic or macroscopic scale, provided that the underlying discrete geometry is critical in a specific sense (geometric long range order). Our point of view is corroborated by a series of analytic and numerical results, which allow to keep track of the geometric changes, taking place on the various scales of the resolution of space-time. Of particular conceptual importance are the notions of dimension of such random systems on the various scales and the notion of geometric criticality.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2002

Scaling Limit and Renormalisation Group in the Critical Point Analysis of General (Quantum) Many Body Systems

We employ the machinery of smooth scaling and coarse-graining of observables, developed recently by us in the context of so-called fluctuation operators (inspired by prior work of Verbeure et al) to make a rigorous renormalisation group analysis of the critical regime. The approach appears to be quite general, encompassing classical, quantum, discrete and continuous systems. One of our central topics is the analysis of the famous `scaling hypothesis', that is, we make a general investigation under what conditions on the l-point correlation functions a scale invariant (non-trivial) limit theory can be actually attained. Furthermore, we study in a rigorous manner questions like the quantum character of the system in the scaling limit, the phenomenon of critical slowing down etc.

math-ph↗

arXiv2001

Fluctuation Operators and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

We develop an alternative approach to this field, which was to a large extent developed by Verbeure et al. It is meant to complement their approach, which is largely based on a non-commutative central limit theorem and coordinate space estimates. In contrast to that we deal directly with the limits of $l$-point truncated correlation functions and show that they typically vanish for $l\geq 3$ provided that the respective scaling exponents of the fluctuation observables are appropriately chosen. This direct approach is greatly simplified by the introduction of a smooth version of spatial averaging, which has a much nicer scaling behavior and the systematic developement of Fourier space and energy-momentum spectral methods. We both analyze the regime of normal fluctuations, the various regimes of poor clustering and the case of spontaneous symmetry breaking or Goldstone phenomenon.

math-ph↗

arXiv2001

Scaling Limit and Renormalisation Group in General (Quantum) Many Body Theory

Using the machinery of smooth scaling and coarse-graining of observables, developed recently in the context of so-called fluctuation operators (originally developed by Verbeure et al), we extend this approach to a rigorous renormalisation group analysis of the critical regime. The approach is completely general, encompassing classical, quantum, discrete and continuous systems. Our central theme is the analysis of the famous `scaling hypothesis', that is, we make a general investigation under what cluster conditions of the l-point correlation functions a scale invariant (non-trivial) limit theory can be actually attained.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2001

Dirac Operators and the Calculation of the Connes Metric on arbitrary (Infinite) Graphs

As an outgrowth of our investigation of non-regular spaces within the context of quantum gravity and non-commutative geometry, we develop a graph Hilbert space framework on arbitrary (infinite) graphs and use it to study spectral properties of graph-Laplacians and graph-Dirac-operators. We define a spectral triplet sharing most of the properties of what Connes calls a spectral triple. With the help of this scheme we derive an explicit expression for the Connes-distance function on general directed or undirected graphs. We derive a series of apriori estimates and calculate it for a variety of examples of graphs. As a possibly interesting aside, we show that the natural setting of approaching such problems may be the framework of (non-)linear programming or optimization. We compare our results (arrived at within our particular framework) with the results of other authors and show that the seeming differences depend on the use of different graph-geometries and/or Dirac operators.

math-ph↗

arXiv2001

(Quantum) Space-Time as a Statistical Geometry of Fuzzy Lumps and the Connection with Random Metric Spaces

We develop a kind of pregeometry consisting of a web of overlapping fuzzy lumps which interact with each other. The individual lumps are understood as certain closely entangled subgraphs (cliques) in a dynamically evolving network which, in a certain approximation, can be visualized as a time-dependent random graph. This strand of ideas is merged with another one, deriving from ideas, developed some time ago by Menger et al, that is, the concept of probabilistic- or random metric spaces, representing a natural extension of the metrical continuum into a more microscopic regime. It is our general goal to find a better adapted geometric environment for the description of microphysics. In this sense one may it also view as a dynamical randomisation of the causal-set framework developed by e.g. Sorkin et al. In doing this we incorporate, as a perhaps new aspect, various concepts from fuzzy set theory.

gr-qc↗