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Manjeet Kaur

Publications and source records attributed to Manjeet Kaur.

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Precision Inflationary Predictions: Impact of Accurate End-of-Inflation Dynamics

The precision era of cosmology demands accurate theoretical predictions from inflationary models. In quantitative reheating analyses, inflationary observables depend sensitively on the number of e-folds between horizon exit and the end of inflation, $N_k$, whose determination relies on slow-roll approximations near the end of inflation. Since inflation ends when the first slow-roll parameter reaches unity, even modest inaccuracies in this approximation can shift the end of inflation and thereby alter $N_k$, leading to modifications in predicted observables -- including those evaluated at leading-order. While such effects are implicit in standard treatments, their quantitative impact on observable constraints has not been systematically assessed. In this work, we first re-evaluate leading-order slow-roll predictions using an improved determination of $N_k$ within a simple quantitative reheating framework, and then incorporate higher-order slow-roll corrections consistently with the revised background evolution. Applying this framework to the Starobinsky model, we find that improved end-of-inflation dynamics alone can induce shifts of order $\Delta n_s \sim 10^{-3}$, while higher-order slow-roll corrections provide additional refinements at the $\sim 4 \times 10^{-4}$ level. The cumulative effect yields a maximum shift of $\Delta n_s \sim 1.2 \times 10^{-3}$ within the allowed reheating range. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic decomposition of end-of-inflation corrections and their individual contributions to $n_s$ in the Starobinsky model, with implications for model discrimination in next-generation CMB surveys. These results demonstrate that an accurate determination of the end of inflation is essential for precision tests of inflationary models.

astro-ph.CO

Unifying inflationary and reheating solution

The conventional background solution for the evolution of a single canonical inflaton field performs admirably in extreme scenarios such as the slow-roll phase (where the slow-roll parameter is much less than one) and the deep reheating era (where the Hubble parameter is much smaller than the effective mass of the potential and the field oscillates around the minimum of the potential), but fails to accurately depict the dynamics of the Universe around the end of inflation and the initial oscillatory phases. This article proposes a single, unified, model-independent, parametrized analytical solution for such models that bridges the gap between these two extremes, providing a near-accurate comprehensive description of the evolution of the Universe. This novel strategy has the potential to substantially enhance both quantitative and qualitative cosmological observational predictions, and, as a consequence, can further constrain the inflationary models more effectively using future observations.

astro-ph.CO

Universe bouncing its way to inflation

Cosmological models with inflation and those with bounce have their own strengths and weaknesses. Here we construct a model in which a phase of bounce is followed by a viable inflationary phase. This incorporates several advantages of both and hence, is a more viable model for cosmic evolution. We explore scenarios wherein the bouncing phase smoothly transits to an inflationary one, with the pivot scale leaving the Hubble horizon during the latter era, thereby maintaining consistency with observations. Staying within the ambit of Einstein-Hilbert gravity augmented by the inflaton, we ensure a pre-inflationary bounce by introducing a second scalar field that helps engineer the requisite violation of the null energy condition. Potential ghost instabilities can be mitigated by invoking a non-trivial coupling between the two scalar fields.

astro-ph.CO

Inflation vs. Ekpyrosis -- comparing stability in general non-minimal theory

The scalar field is considered to have dominated the early Universe. One subtle yet crucial requirement of this assumption is that the solution must be highly stable, i.e., indifferent to any initial conditions because there are no favored ones. Inflation, which is now the most successful early Universe paradigm, answers most of the early Universe's problems, including the fact that it is mostly stable. In this article, in addition to the inflationary solution, we systematically investigate every possible early Universe solution in the presence of a barotropic fluid in the general non-minimal (scalar-tensor) theory. In doing so, we rely upon the classical perturbative techniques. We find, to our surprise, that inflation does not always ensure stability in the Einstein frame, although ekpyrosis can. We also discover that, contrary to the inflationary paradigm, ekpyrosis always assures stability in the presence of any fluid with any equation of state in general non-minimal models. We utilize the conformal transformation to map the inflationary theory in the minimal frame to the ekpyrotic theory in the non-minimal frame, and show that the latter is always much more stable than the former, resulting in a much more preferred model that can even be studied in different contexts such as late time cosmology.

astro-ph.CO

Viable bounce from non-minimal inflation

The fundamental difficulty in constructing a viable classical bouncing model is to evade the no-go theorem that states that, simultaneously maintaining the observational bounds on the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the non-Gaussian scalar spectrum is not possible. Furthermore, constructing the bouncing phase leads to numerous instabilities such as gradient, ghost, and so on. Most importantly, the model fails to be an attractor, in general, meaning that the solution heavily depends on the initial conditions, resulting in anisotropic (BKL) instability in the system. In this paper, using conformal transformation, we construct a classical bouncing model from a non-minimal slow-roll inflationary model. As a result of the conformal transformation, we show that the model is free of the above instabilities and that it leads to a smooth transition from bouncing to the traditional reheating scenario. We also look at the dynamical analysis of the system in the presence of a barotropic fluid and discover that there exists a wide range of model parameters that allow the model to avoid the BKL instability, making it a viable alternative to inflationary dynamics.

astro-ph.CO

Taguchi based Design of Sequential Convolution Neural Network for Classification of Defective Fasteners

Fasteners play a critical role in securing various parts of machinery. Deformations such as dents, cracks, and scratches on the surface of fasteners are caused by material properties and incorrect handling of equipment during production processes. As a result, quality control is required to ensure safe and reliable operations. The existing defect inspection method relies on manual examination, which consumes a significant amount of time, money, and other resources; also, accuracy cannot be guaranteed due to human error. Automatic defect detection systems have proven impactful over the manual inspection technique for defect analysis. However, computational techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and deep learning-based approaches are evolutionary methods. By carefully selecting the design parameter values, the full potential of CNN can be realised. Using Taguchi-based design of experiments and analysis, an attempt has been made to develop a robust automatic system in this study. The dataset used to train the system has been created manually for M14 size nuts having two labeled classes: Defective and Non-defective. There are a total of 264 images in the dataset. The proposed sequential CNN comes up with a 96.3% validation accuracy, 0.277 validation loss at 0.001 learning rate.

cs.CV