arXiv subjects

Manvi Jain

Publications and source records attributed to Manvi Jain.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Exploring a Specialized Eccentricity-Based Deep Neural Network Model to Simulate Visual Attention

While visual attention theories abound, neurodevelopmental research remains constrained by infants' unreliable responses and limited attention spans. Through collaboration with Project Prakash, we accessed a unique population: patients gaining vision later in life. This cohort enables investigation of visual process development in cognitively mature, cooperative participants rather than infants. We collected data from pre-operation patients, post-operation patients tracked longitudinally (1, 3, 6, and 12 months), and neurotypical controls wearing blurred goggles matched to patients' post-surgical acuity. All participants performed a modified pre-attentive pop-out visual search task. We implemented the eccNET CNN model (Gupta et al., 2021) to simulate visual search asymmetry, subjecting it to identical tasks as human participants. Reaction time comparisons revealed both convergent and divergent patterns between human and model performance. These findings enabled systematic model ablations informed by human physiological constraints and developmental trajectories observed across patient groups. Critically, human-model divergences proved most informative, directing our focus toward specific architectural modifications needed to better approximate human visual development patterns.

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arXiv2022

Neural Underpinnings of Decoupled Ethical Behavior in Adolescents as an Interaction of Peer and Personal Values

In the present study, we are trying to understand how peer unethical behavior stimulates the decoupling of emotions in adolescents. We have simulated an interactive game-based environment in order to stimulate participants to make decisions that are found to be correlated with their virtual partner decisions. The responses given by participants were also recorded as neural signals using an EEG to study neurophysiological correlates of different decision-making behavioral patterns. There was an active correlation between personality values and decision-making. Preliminary analysis was focused on studying the differences in lower brain frequencies (0.1-4Hz) when the participants developed frustration, in contrast to when they experienced gratitude. The study presents three case studies in which delta frequencies increased in cases when frustration was experienced and decreased when gratitude was experienced. The study focused on understanding the neural underpinnings of corresponding modified behavior in adolescents. The findings highlight an increase in delta frequencies when apparent frustration was developed in adolescents due to their peer unethical behavior. The delta frequencies lowered when participants were tested for ethical behavior. The results concluded that based on personality value types, adolescents tend to develop frustration toward perceived unethical behavior and carry it over to other unrelated peers. This study is highly explorative in nature, with preliminary analysis using only three case studies, having a small sample size. However, the novelty of this study brings about new dimensions to social cognition and personality studies.

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arXiv2022

Effect of Brief Meditation Intervention on Attention: An ERP Investigation

Fast and efficient strategies for modulation of attention have been extensively studied recently. The present study has attempted to observe the effect of brief meditation practices on executive control of the attention system. The study recruits cognitive control by introducing conflict using Stroop task in twenty-six novice participants. Behavioral responses indicate a positive effect on response time and accuracy at Stroop task after ten minutes of meditation intervention. Neurophysiological findings suggest more efficient allocation of attentional resources. An increase in positive ERP components (P200, P300) and expected decrease in the inhibitory or negative component (N200) after intervention shows positive results. The findings suggest a positive impact of meditation intervention on attention even for brief periods in non-meditating population.

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arXiv2022

Calibration of off-the-shelf low-cost wearable EEG headset for application in field studies

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an integral tool in neurocognitive research worldwide. However, research grade EEG (32/64ch) systems are expensive and have cumbersome setup designed for clinical usage not suited for rugged environment of field-studies outside lab. Further, the long setup-time of EEG can be intimidating to those who are restless subjects e.g., children or elderly. Off-the-shelf, low-cost, dry EEG devices (LCDE) have been proposed as promising options. However, small number of electrodes in LCDE limit the detection scalp-area reducing the utility of an LCDE only to a specific set of cognitive tasks based on the brain lobe scanned. This paper proposes a novel methodology for calibration of an LCDE (e.g., DREEM Headband) to identify the specific class of cognitive tasks a LCDE is likely suited for. The methodology involves comparative analysis of the recorded data using LCDE with EEG-like signals simulated (using BESA Simulator software) by embedding dipole in a brain lobe. The simulated scalp activity and corresponding source analysis helps identify the approximate regions of brain scanned by the LCDE device. On further comparative analysis of brain lobes source localized using Brain Electrical Source Analysis (BESA software) helps characterize LCDE for cognitive tasks. The major findings conclude a list of psychological studies which can be performed using various LCDE, capable of replacing traditional and expensive wet EEG systems in both inside and outside-lab settings.

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