arXiv subjects

Mao-Jun Yan

Publications and source records attributed to Mao-Jun Yan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Threshold cusp effects to measure masses of radiatively decaying hadrons: The $B_{s0}^*$ mass from the $\Upsilon\phi$ spectrum

Hadrons that decay predominantly into final states containing photons are notoriously difficult to detect at hadron colliders. Prominent examples are the yet-unobserved $B_{s0}^*$ and $B_{s1}$, the bottom partners of the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$, which are expected to exhibit exotic properties deviating from the conventional quark-model predictions of $\bar b s$ mesons. We propose a general, model-independent method to overcome this problem: when the target hadron has an attractive $S$-wave interaction with a companion hadron of precisely known mass, the line shape of a suitable final state develops a cusp at the pair threshold, or a peak just below it if the attraction binds, so that subtracting the companion mass returns the target mass, up to the binding energy in the latter case. As a proof of concept, a leading-order particle-dimer calculation of the $D\bar D_s K$ three-body system reproduces the $X(4274)$ structure in the LHCb $J/\psi\phi$ distribution extracted from $B\to K J/\psi \phi$, as a $D_{s0}^*\bar D_s$ threshold cusp driven by a nearby virtual-state pole, yielding $m_{D_{s0}^*}=(2322\pm6)$ MeV in agreement with its measured value and favoring $J^{PC}=0^{-+}$ for the $X(4274)$. Transferring the elastic three-body interaction to the bottom sector, we predict an analogous structure at the $B_{s0}^*\bar B_s$ threshold near $11.09$ GeV, making the $\Upsilon\phi$ invariant-mass distribution at the LHC a clean probe of the $B_{s0}^*$ mass.

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arXiv2026

Heavy dibaryons $\Xi^{()}_{cc}\Xi^{()}_{cc}$ and $\Xi^{()}_{bb}\Xi^{()}_{bb}$

We systematically investigate the dibaryons $\Xi^{(*)}_{cc}\Xi^{(*)}_{cc}$ (di-$\Xi_{cc}$) and $\Xi^{(*)}_{bb}\Xi^{(*)}_{bb}$ (di-$\Xi_{bb}$), with various isospin-spin configurations $I(J^P)$ in a nonrelativistic quark model. For the di-$\Xi_{cc}$ system, only the single channels $\Xi_{cc}\Xi^*_{cc}$ and $\Xi^*_{cc}\Xi^*_{cc}$ with $0(1^+)$ are capable of forming deuteronlike bound states, with the $\sigma$ meson exchange playing a decisive role. Those states have binding energies of approximately $-1.5$ MeV and $-3.3$ MeV and sizes of 2.37 fm and 1.87 fm, respectively. The coupled channel effect in the di-$\Xi_{cc}$ system with $0(1^+)$ enhances the attraction. As a result, this di-$\Xi_{cc}$ system can establish a deuteronlike configuration, with the binding energy of $-7.5$ MeV relative to the threshold $\Xi_{cc}\Xi_{cc}$ and the size of approximately 1.40 fm. For the di-$\Xi_{bb}$ system, the single channels with $0(1^+)$, $0(2^+)$, and $0(3^+)$ can give rise to deuteronlike bound states with binding energies ranging from $-6.1$ MeV to $-14.3$ MeV. Additionally, the di-$\Xi_{bb}$ system with $1(0^+)$ and $1(2^+)$ can also establish deuteronlike bound states with binding energies of around $-0.5$ MeV. When considering the coupled channel effect in the di-$\Xi_{bb}$ system with $0(1^+)$, a compact hexaquark state is formed, exhibiting a binding energy of $-21.2$ MeV relative to the threshold $\Xi_{bb}\Xi_{bb}$ and a size of 0.53 fm. In this state, the $\pi$ meson exchange provides a very powerful attractive force. The meson exchange interactions in the quark model is dispensable in the di-$\Xi_{bb}$ bound states, except for $\Xi_{bb}^*\Xi_{bb}^*$ with $1(0^+)$.

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arXiv2026

Decoding the near-threshold $X_{0,\,1}(4140)$ and $X_{1}(4685)$ states via OZI-suppressed coupled-channel scattering

To decode the near-threshold dynamics of the $X_{0,\,1}(4140)$ and $X_{1}(4685)$ states, we investigate the OZI-suppressed $\{D_{s}\bar{D}_{s},\, J/\psi \phi,\, D_{s}^{\ast}\bar{D}_{s}^{\ast}\}$ coupled-channel scattering in $B\to D_{s}\bar{D}_{s} K$ decays using the effective range expansion. We demonstrate that the $X_{0}(4140)$, associated with a dip in the lineshape, corresponds to a dynamically generated pole near the $J/\psi \phi$ threshold. The single-channel $J/\psi \phi$ scattering length is extracted to be $1.11\pm 0.65\,\rm{fm}$, yielding an effective scattering length of $0.12^{+0.20}_{-0.10}+i0.78^{+0.20}_{-0.40} \, \rm{fm}$ when coupled channels are included. By treating the spin-spin interaction as a subleading effect, we predict a $J^{PC}=1^{++}$ virtual state near the $J/\psi \phi$ threshold, which naturally resolves the empirical ambiguities surrounding the $X_{1}(4140)$ width. Extending this framework via heavy quark spin symmetry, we further interpret the $X_{1}(4685)$ as a $\psi(2S)\phi$ hadronic molecule. Ultimately, these findings highlight how the $X(4140)$ family and $X_{1}(4685)$ serve as unique theoretical windows into the Fierz rearrangement and OZI suppression mechanisms in low-energy strong interactions.

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arXiv2026

Low-energy $N\phi$ scattering from a pole-enhanced triangle diagram

We investigate low-energy $N\phi$ scattering driven by a pole-enhanced triangle-like diagram, in which the two-Kaon-exchange contribution is promoted by the near-threshold $\Lambda(1405)$ pole in the $N\bar K$ subsystem. Using an unphysical Kaon mass motivated by lattice simulations, we evaluate the $N\phi$ scattering length and find that this mechanism generates an attractive interaction with a magnitude of $-1.1$ to $-0.5\, \rm{fm}$. Spin-dependent effects are not treated explicitly and are expected to provide subleading corrections in the near-threshold region. We further analyze the low-energy behavior of the triangle-like diagram amplitude and show that the scattering length depends on the parameter $\delta$, defined as the mass difference between the $K\bar K$ threshold and the $\phi$ meson, and the pole position of $\Lambda(1405)$, where the $\Lambda(1405)$ plays a crucial role to understand $N\phi$ interaction. Furthermore, by employing physical hadron masses, our calculated scattering length is found to be consistent with current experimental data, providing a unified description across both unphysical and physical mass regimes. This type of interaction differs from that associated with van der Waals-type forces or the long-range tail of two-pion exchange, highlighting the role of three-body dynamics encoded in the pole-enhanced triangle-like diagram in shaping the near-threshold $N\phi$ interaction.

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arXiv2025

Reevaluating the $a_1(1420)$ enhancement and its molecular partners in the low-lying axial-vector meson spectrum

We assess possible axial-vector states with $G$-parity $\left(G=\pm 1\right)$ dynamically generated by pseudoscalar-vector interactions in coupled channels, driven by the Weinberg-Tomozawa term at leading order in chiral perturbation theory. The $S$-wave amplitudes are unitarized via the Bethe-Salpeter equation, and poles of the unitarized amplitudes are searched for in the complex energy plane. In the isovector sector with $I^G(J^{PC})=1^{\pm}(1^{+\mp})$, we identify two poles around 1400 MeV in the second Riemann sheet below the $K^*\bar{K}$ mass threshold. The $G=+1$ and $G=-1$ poles can be one of the origins of the peaks in the $f_0(980)π$ and $ϕπ^0$ mass spectra reported by the COMPASS and BESIII collaborations, respectively, in the $πN \to πππN$ and $J/ψ\to ηϕπ$ processes, in addition to triangle singularity effects discussed in the literature. Additionally, the poles in the isoscalar sector may explain the nontrivial behavior of the $K^*\bar{K}$ spectra line shapes measured by several experiments in different reactions. Specifically, for the $0^+(1^{++})$ case, we find a sizeable $K^*\bar{K}$ component for the $f_1(1420)$. In the $0^-(1^{+-})$ scenario, the pole strongly coupled to $ρπ$ can be associated with the $h_1(1170)$ resonance. Lastly, in this same sector, we identify a higher pole that dominates the $K^*\bar{K}$ invariant mass in the $χ_{cJ} \to ϕK^*\bar{K}$ decay, where the $h_1(1415)$ is observed in the BESIII data.

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arXiv2025

New spectrum of charm-strange meson with constituent quark model $c\bar{s}$ contributions

We systematically investigate the $S$-wave interactions between Nambu-Goldstone bosons (NGBs) and charmed mesons in the $(S,I)=(1,0)$ sector using the chiral unitary approach. The scattering amplitudes incorporate both the Weinberg-Tomozawa term and additional contributions from $s$- and $u$-channel exchanges of $c\bar{s}$ states predicted by the constituent quark model (CQM). Through analytic continuation of the unitarized amplitudes to the complex energy plane, we identify multiple poles corresponding to bound states and resonances. Our analysis reveals a rich spectrum of $D_{sJ}$ states across $J^P = 0^+, 1^+, 1^-$, and $2^-$ sectors, providing new insights into the nature of established resonances like $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$, while predicting several new states that could be observed in future experiments.

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arXiv2025

The low-lying light tetraquark states with quantum numbers $J^{P}=0^{+ }$, $1^{+}$ and $2^{+}$

The low-lying light tetraquark states are investigated in the non-relativistic quark model (NRQM) including the pseudoscalar meson exchange, where two different confinement potential schemes, the Cornell potential and the linear potential, are employed, along with the instanton-induced interaction serving as the residual spin-dependent interaction. The numerical results show agreement with masses of $f_{0}(500)$, $f_{0}(1370)$, $f_{0}(1500)$, $f_{0}(2020)$, $f_{0}(2200)$, $h_{1}(1170)$, $h_{1}(1595)$, $h_{1}(1900)$, $h_{1}(1965)$, $h_{1}(2215)$, $f_{2}(1430)$, $f_{2}(1640)$, $f_{2}(1810)$, $f_{2}(2010)$, $f_{2}(2150)$, $a_{0}(980)$, $a_{0}(1450)$, $a_{0}(1950)$, $a_{1}(1260)$, $a_{1}(1640)$, $a_{2}(1700)$, $K^{*}_{0}(1430)$, $K^{*}_{0}(1950)$, $K_{1}(1270)$, $K_{1}(1440)$, $K_{1}(1650)$, and $K^{*}_{2}(1980)$. The results shed light on the spectrum of these mesons and offer guidande to search for the tetraquarks in the future.

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arXiv2025

Hydrogenlike molecules composed of $D_1D_1$, $D_1D^_2$ and $D^_2D^*_2$

We systematically explore the S-wave $D_1D_1$, $D_1D^*_2$ and $D^*_2D^*_2$ states with various isospin-spin-orbit ($ISL$) configurations in the quark model. We propose nine stable dimeson states with the $ISL$ configurations, $ISL=001$, $010$, $012$, $100$, $102$, $110$, $112$, $120$, and $122$, against dissociation into their constituent mesons. Those bound states are hydrogenlike molecular states, where the two subclusters are moderately overlapped and the QCD covalent bond is formed due to the delocalization of light quarks. The QCD covalent bond serves as the primary binding mechanism in the bound states with $I=1$. However, the exchange of $π$ and $σ$-meson plays a pivotal role in the bound states with $I=0$. The coupled-channel effect is essential in the formation of the bound states with $ISL=001$, $010$, $012$, $100$, and $102$.

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arXiv2025

Molecular $P_ψ$ pentaquarks from light-meson exchange saturation

Theoretical predictions for the spectrum of heavy meson-baryon bound states are a fundamental tool for disentangling the nature of the different pentaquark states that have been observed in experimental facilities. Here we explore this spectrum in a phenomenological model that describes the heavy meson-baryon interaction in terms of a contact-range interaction, where the coupling strength is saturated by the exchange of light scalar and vector mesons, i.e. $σ$, $ρ$ and $ω$ exchanges. Saturation determines the couplings modulo an unknown proportionality constant that can be calibrated from a molecular candidate. If we use the $P_ψ^N(4312)$ as input, we predict a series of molecular pentaquarks including the $P_ψ^N(4440)$ and $P_ψ^N(4457)$, the recent $P_{ψs}^Λ(4338)$ and the $P_{ψs}^Λ(4459)$.

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arXiv2024

Heavy- and light-flavor symmetry partners of the $T_{cc}^+(3875)$, the $X(3872)$ and the $X(3960)$ from light-meson exchange saturation

The spectrum of the charmed meson-(anti)meson system is a fundamental tool for disentangling the nature of a few exotic hadrons, including the recently discovered $T_{cc}^+(3875)$ tetraquark, the $X(3960)$, or the $X(3872)$, the nature of which is still not clear after almost two decades of its discovery. Here we consider that the charmed meson-(anti)meson short-range interaction is described by the exchange of light-mesons ($σ$, $ρ$, $ω$). The effects of light-meson exchanges are recast into a simple contact-range theory by means of a saturation procedure, resulting in a compact description of the two-hadron interaction. From this, if the $T_{cc}^+$ were to be an isoscalar $D^* D$ molecule, then there should exist an isoscalar $J=1$ $D^* D^*$ partner, as constrained by heavy-quark spin symmetry. Yet, within our model, the most attractive two charmed meson configurations are the isovector $J=0$ $D^* D^*$ molecule and its sextet $D_s^* D^*$ and $D_s^* D_s^*$ flavor partners. Finally, we find a tension between the molecular descriptions of the $T_{cc}^+$ and that of the $X(3872)$ and $X(3960)$, where most parameter choices suggest that if the $T_{cc}^+$ is purely molecular then the $X(3872)$ overbinds (or conversely, if the $X(3872)$ is a molecule the $T_{cc}^+$ does not bind). This might be consequential for determining the nature of these states.

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arXiv2024

Molecular charmed baryons and pentaquarks from light-meson exchange saturation

The spectrum of the $c qq$ baryons contains a few states whose nature is not clearly a three-quark composite and which might have a sizable baryon-meson component. Examples include the $Σ_c(2800)$ or the $Λ_c(2940)$. Here we explore the spectrum of two-body systems composed of a light, octet baryon and a charmed meson (or antimeson) within a simple contact-range theory in which the couplings are saturated by light-meson exchanges. This results in the prediction of a series of composite anticharmed pentaquarks ($\bar{c} q qqq $) and singly-charmed baryons ($c \bar{q} qqq $). Among the later we find $J=\tfrac{1}{2}$ $ΞD$ and $J=\tfrac{3}{2}$ $ΞD^*$ bound states with masses matching those of the recently observed $Ω_c(3185)$ and $Ω_c(3327)$ baryons.

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arXiv2024

Rethinking the $P_c(4457)^+$ as the $P_ψ^{Δ^+}(4457)$ isoquartet $\bar{D}^* Σ_c$ molecule

The nature of the $P_{c}(4312)$, $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ pentaquarks is a fascinating theoretical question. Within the molecular picture their more usual interpretation is that of $I=\tfrac{1}{2}$ $\bar{D} Σ_c$ and $\bar{D}^* Σ_c$ bound states. Here we argue in favor of interpreting the $P_c(4457)$ pentaquark as a $I=\tfrac{3}{2}$ $\bar{D}^* Σ_c$ bound state (with spin $J=\tfrac{1}{2}$) instead. Owing to isospin symmetry breaking effects, with this identification the partial decay width of the $P_c(4457)^+$ into $J/ψp$ will be of the same order of magnitude as the $P_{c}(4312)^+$ and $P_c(4440)^+$, in contrast with the considerably larger partial decay width in the $I=\tfrac{1}{2}$ scenario. In turn, this leads to a different hidden-charm molecular pentaquark spectrum, in which there are only four or five $P_ψ^N$ bound states instead of the usual seven, which might explain why the predicted $J=\tfrac{1}{2}$ and $\tfrac{3}{2}$ ($I=\tfrac{1}{2}$) $\bar{D}^* Σ_c^*$ molecular partners of the $P_c(4312)$ and $P_c(4440)$ have not been observed.

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arXiv2024

The $P_{ψs}^Λ(4338)$ pentaquark and its partners in the molecular picture

The LHCb collaboration has detected a new hidden-charm pentaquark with the quantum numbers of a $Λ$ baryon: the $P_{ψs}^Λ(4338)$. This pentaquark will be interpreted as a $\bar{D}_s Λ_c$-$\bar{D} Ξ_c$ resonance within a contact-range theory. Here we briefly comment on the relation of the new $P_{ψs}^Λ(4338)$ with the $P^Λ_{ψs}(4459)$. We find that the $P_{ψs}^Λ(4338)$ and $P_{ψs}^Λ(4459)$ both accept a common description in terms of the same parameters, which predicts the existence of a few additional $P_ψ^N$, $P_{ψs}^Λ$, $P_{ψs}^Σ$ and $P_{ψs s}^Ξ$ molecular pentaquarks composed of a charmed antimeson and an antitriplet charmed baryon. The most robust of these predicted pentaquarks is a $P_{ψs}^Λ$ with a mass in the $(4235-4255)\,{\rm MeV}$ range, while other two interesting ones are a $P_ψ^{N}(4150)$ and a $P_ψ^Σ(4335)$, the latter basically at the same mass as the $P_ψ^Λ(4338)$, with which it might mix owing to isospin symmetry breaking effects.

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arXiv2023

Hadronic decays of the heavy-quark-spin molecular partner of $T_{cc}^+$

Starting from the hypothesis that the $T_{cc}^+$ discovered at LHCb is a $D^{\ast+} D^0/D^{\ast 0}D^+$ hadronic molecule, we consider the partial width of its heavy quark spin partner, the $T_{cc}^{\ast +}$ as a $D^{\ast +} D^{\ast 0}$ shallow bound state, decaying into the $D^{\ast}Dπ$ final states including the contributions of the $D^{\ast} D$ and $D^{\ast} π$ final state interaction by using a nonrelativistic effective field theory. Because of the existence of the $T_{cc}^+$ pole, the $I=0$ $D^{\ast} D$ rescattering can give a sizeable correction up to about $40\%$ to the decay widths considering only the tree diagrams, and the $D^{\ast} π$ rescattering correction is about $10\%$. The four-body partial widths of the $T_{cc}^{*+}$ into $D Dππ$ are also explicitly calculated, and we find that the interference effect between different intermediate $D^*Dπ$ states is small. The total width of the $T_{cc}^{*+}$ is predicted to be about 41 keV.

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arXiv2023

On the $η_1(1855)$, $π_1(1400)$ and $π_1(1600)$ as dynamically generated states and their SU(3) partners

In this work, we interpret the newly observed $η_1(1855)$ resonance with exotic $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ quantum numbers in the $I=0$ sector, reported by the BESIII Collaboration, as a dynamically generated state from the interaction between the lightest pseudoscalar mesons and axial-vector mesons. The interaction is derived from the lowest order chiral Lagrangian from which the Weinberg-Tomozawa term is obtained, describing the transition amplitudes among the relevant channels, which are then unitarized using the Bethe-Salpeter equation, according to the chiral unitary approach. We evaluate the $η_1(1855)$ decays into the $ηη^{\prime}$ and $K\bar{K}^*π$ channels and find that the latter has a larger branching fraction. We also investigate its SU(3) partners, and according to our findings, the $π_1(1400)$ and $π_1(1600)$ structures may correspond to dynamically generated states, with the former one coupled mostly to the $b_1π$ component and the latter one coupled to the $K_1(1270)\bar{K}$ channel. In particular, our result for the ratio $Γ(π_1(1600)\to f_1(1285)π)/ Γ(π_1(1600)\to η^{\prime}π)$ is consistent with the measured value, which supports our interpretation for the higher $π_1$ state. We also report two poles with a mass about 1.7~GeV in the $I=1/2$ sector, which may be responsible for the $K^*(1680)$. We suggest searching for two additional $η_1$ exotic mesons with masses around 1.4 and 1.7~GeV. In particular, the predicted $η_1(1700)$ is expected to have a width around 0.1~GeV and can decay easily into $K\bar Kππ$.

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arXiv2023

Light- and heavy-quark symmetries and the $Y(4230)$, $Y(4360)$, $Y(4500)$, $Y(4620)$ and $X(4630)$ resonances

The heavy hadron spectrum is constrained by symmetries, of which two of the most important ones are heavy-quark spin and SU(3)-flavor symmetries. Here we argue that in the molecular picture the $Y(4230)$ (or $Y(4260)$), the $Y(4360)$ and the recently discovered $Y(4500)$ and $Y(4620)$ vector-like resonances are linked by these two symmetries. By formulating a contact-range effective field theory for the $D \bar{D}_1$ and $D_s \bar{D}_{s1}$ family of S- and P-wave charmed meson-antimeson systems, we find that if the $Y(4230)$ were to be a pure $D \bar{D}_1$ molecular state, there would be a $D^* \bar{D}_1$ partner with a mass similar to the $Y(4360)$, a $D_s \bar{D}_{s1}$ partner with a mass close to the $Y(4500)$ and three $J=1,2$ $D_s^* \bar{D}_{s1}$ and $J=3$ $D_s^* \bar{D}_{s2}^{*}$ bound states with a mass in the vicinity of $4630\,{\rm MeV}$, of which the first one ($J=1$) might correspond with the $Y(4620)$. The previous predictions can in turn be improved by modifying the assumptions we have used to build the effective field theory. In particular, if we consider the closeness of the $D^* \bar{D}_1$-$D^* \bar{D}_2^*$ and $D_s^* \bar{D}_{s1}$-$D_s^* \bar{D}_{s2}^*$ thresholds and include the related coupled channel dynamics, we predict a $J=2$ positive C-parity state with a mass around $4650\,{\rm MeV}$. This hidden-strange and hidden-charm state might in turn be identified with the $X(4630)$ that has been discovered past year by the LHCb in the $J/ψϕ$ invariant mass distribution.

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arXiv2022

Triangle singularity in $B^0\to π^- K^+ X(3872)$ via the $D_{s1}\bar{D} D^*$ loop and possible precise measurement of the $X(3872)$ mass

We investigate the $B^0\to π^- K^+ X(3872)$ decay via the $D_{s1}(2536)\bar{D} D^*$ rescattering diagram. The line shape of the $K^+X(3872)$ distribution curve around $D_{s1}(2536)\bar{D}$ threshold is very sensitive to the $X(3872)$ mass because the triangle singularity (TS) can be generated from the loop. By means of this characteristic, we can determine whether the $X(3872)$ mass is below or above the $D^{\ast 0}\bar{D}^0$ threshold with high precision. The narrowness of $D_{s1}(2536)$ in the loop is one of the key reasons why the TS mechanism of measuring the $X(3872)$ mass may work. The $X(3872)$ width impact on the $K^+X(3872)$ line shape is also crucial in the TS mechanism. If the width is as large as 1 MeV, the proposed method of measuring the $X(3872)$ mass would be ruined.

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arXiv2022

Interpretations of the new LHCb $P_c(4337)^+$ pentaquark state

Recently the LHCb collaboration has observed a new pentaquark state, the $P_c(4337)^+$. Owing to its proximity to the $χ_{c0}(1S) p$, $\bar{D}^* Λ_c$, $\bar{D} Σ_c$ and $\bar{D} Σ_c^*$ thresholds, this new pentaquark might very well be a meson-baryon bound state. However its spin and parity have not been determined yet and none of the previous possibilities can be ruled out. We briefly explore a few of these options and the consequences they entail in the present manuscript: (i) the $P_c(4337)^+$ might be a $χ_{c0}(1S) p$ bound state, (ii) the $P_c(4312)^+$ and $P_c(4337)^+$ might be $\bar{D}^* Λ_c$ and $\bar{D} Σ_c$ states close to threshold, respectively, where the Breit-Wigner mass might not correspond to the location of the poles, (iii) the locations of the $P_c(4312)^+$ and $P_c(4337)^+$ might be explained in terms of the $\bar{D}^* Λ_c$-$\bar{D} Σ_c$ and $\bar{D}^* Λ_c$-$\bar{D} Σ_c^*$ coupled channel dynamics. This last option, though not the most probable explanation, is still potentially compatible with the double peak solution of the $P_{cs}(4459)^0$ and with what we know of the $P_c(4312)^+$. As a byproduct of the previous explorations, we conjecture the existence of a series of anticharmed meson - antitriplet charmed baryon bound states and calculate their masses.

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