7 Tesla Quantitative MRI and Machine Learning for Exploratory Motor Subtype Stratification and Diagnosis in Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly heterogeneous disease, including which motor symptoms are dominating. Imaging biomarkers that support subtype stratification could also improve biological understanding and study design, and enable personalized treatment strategies. This study evaluates whether deep-learning based automatic brain segmentation, in addition to quantitative maps from 7 Tesla MRI, can highlight differences between Healthy Controls (HC), Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty (PIGD) and Tremor Dominant (TD), and subsequently be used for objective PD stratification. The performance of machine learning classifiers may be improved with feature selection. 21 HC, and 24 people with PD (PwP) were included. The U-Net training was assessed with DSC. Two classification approaches using 5-fold cross-validation were defined across three tasks: (1) HC vs PwP; (2) PIGD vs TD; (3) multiclass, HC vs PIGD vs TD. Approach A used all extracted features. Approach B found the optimal subset of features for the classification tasks. The U-Net achieved mean DSC of 0.86 for all ROIs during training. Approach A: Task 1 best accuracy of 0.69 and best AUC of 0.73. Task 2 accuracy 0.69, AUC 0.90. Task 3 accuracy 0.62, AUC 0.66. Approach B: Task 1 accuracy of 0.82 and AUC of 0.93. Task 2 accuracy 1.00, AUC 1.00. Task 3 accuracy 0.73, AUC 0.91. DL-based segmentation combined with qMRI feature selection improved classification relative to using all features, supporting the potential of interpretable, low-dimensional imaging signatures for PD diagnosis support and phenotype stratification. Larger, multi-site studies are warranted to assess generalizability and stability.