arXiv subjects

Marcel Vallade

Publications and source records attributed to Marcel Vallade.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2017

Fisher Waves: an individual based stochastic model

The propagation of a beneficial mutation in a spatially extended population is usually studied using the phenomenological stochastic Fisher-Kolmogorov (SFKPP) equation. We derive here an individual based, stochastic model founded on the spatial Moran process where fluctuations are treated exactly. At high selection pressure, the results of this model are different from the classical FKPP. At small selection pressure, the front behavior can be mapped into a Brownian motion with drift, the properties of which can be derived from microscopic parameters of the Moran model. Finally, we show that the diffusion coefficient and the noise amplitude of SFKPP are not independent parameters but are both determined by the dispersal kernel of individuals.

physics.bio-ph↗

arXiv2016

A simple, general result for the variance of substitution number in molecular evolution

The number of substitutions (of nucleotides, amino acids, ...) that take place during the evolution of a sequence is a stochastic variable of fundamental importance in the field of molecular evolution. Although the mean number of substitutions during molecular evolution of a sequence can be estimated for a given substitution model, no simple solution exists for the variance of this random variable. We show in this article that the computation of the variance is as simple as that of the mean number of substitutions for both short and long times. Apart from its fundamental importance, this result can be used to investigate the dispersion index R , i.e. the ratio of the variance to the mean substitution number, which is of prime importance in the neutral theory of molecular evolution. By investigating large classes of substitution models, we demonstrate that although R\ge1 , to obtain R significantly larger than unity necessitates in general additional hypotheses on the structure of the substitution model.

q-bio.PE↗

arXiv2015

Exact results for a noise-induced bistable system

A stochastic system where bistability is caused by noise has been recently investigated by Biancalani et al. (PRL 112:038101, 2014). They have computed the mean switching time for such a system using a continuous Fokker-Planck equation derived from the Taylor expansion of the Master equation to estimate the parameter of such a system from experiment. In this article, we provide the exact solution for the full discrete system without resorting to continuous approximation and obtain the expression for the mean switching time. We further extend this investigation by solving exactly the Master equation and obtaining the expression of other quantities of interests such as the dynamics of the moments and the equilibrium time.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2012

Exact results for fixation probability of bithermal evolutionary graphs

One of the most fundamental concepts of evolutionary dynamics is the "fixation" probability, i.e. the probability that a mutant spreads through the whole population. Most natural communities are geographically structured into habitats exchanging individuals among each other and can be modeled by an evolutionary graph (EG), where directed links weight the probability for the offspring of one individual to replace another individual in the community. Very few exact analytical results are known for EGs. We show here how by using the techniques of the fixed point of Probability Generating Function, we can uncover a large class of of graphs, which we term bithermal, for which the exact fixation probability can be simply computed.

q-bio.PE↗