arXiv subjects

Marcelo Aguiar

Publications and source records attributed to Marcelo Aguiar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Configuration spaces and peak representations

Within the group algebras of the symmetric and hyperoctahedral groups, one has their descent algebras and families of Eulerian idempotents. These idempotents are known to generate group representations with topological interpretations, as the cohomology of configuration spaces of types A and B. We provide an analogous cohomological interpretation for the representations generated by idempotents in the peak algebra, called the peak representations. We describe the peak representations as sums of Thrall's higher Lie characters, give Hilbert series and branching rule recursions for them, and discuss a connection to Jordan brackets.

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arXiv2020

Associahedra, cyclohedra and inversion of power series

We introduce the Hopf monoid of sets of cycles and paths, which contains the Faà di Bruno Hopf monoid as a submonoid. We give cancellation-free and grouping-free formulas for its antipode, one in terms of tubings and one in terms of \emph{pointed} noncrossing partitions. We provide an explicit description of the group of characters of this Hopf monoid in terms of pairs of power series. Using graph associahedra, we relate paths and cycles to associahedra and cyclohedra, respectively. We give formulas for inversion in the group of characters in terms of the faces of these polytopes.

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arXiv2020

Dendriform Algebras Relative to a Semigroup

Loday's dendriform algebras and its siblings pre-Lie and zinbiel have received attention over the past two decades. In recent literature, there has been interest in a generalization of these types of algebra in which each individual operation is replaced by a family of operations indexed by a fixed semigroup $S$. The purpose of this note is twofold. First, we add to the existing work by showing that a similar extension is possible already for the most familiar types of algebra: commutative, associative, and Lie. Second, we show that these concepts arise naturally and in a unified manner from a categorical perspective. For this, one simply has to consider the standard types of algebra but in reference to the monoidal category of $S$-graded vector spaces.

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arXiv2019

Characteristic elements for real hyperplane arrangements

Characteristic elements of the Tits algebra of a real hyperplane arrangement carry information about the characteristic polynomial. We present this notion and its basic properties, and apply it to derive various results about the characteristic polynomial of an arrangement, from Zaslavsky's formulas to more recent results of Kung and of Klivans and Swartz. We construct several examples of characteristic elements, including one in terms of intrinsic volumes of faces of the arrangement.

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arXiv2017

Hopf monoids and generalized permutahedra

Generalized permutahedra are a family of polytopes with a rich combinatorial structure and strong connections to optimization. We prove that they are the universal family of polyhedra with a certain Hopf algebraic structure. Their antipode is remarkably simple: the antipode of a polytope is the alternating sum of its faces. Our construction provides a unifying framework to organize numerous combinatorial structures, including graphs, matroids, posets, set partitions, linear graphs, hypergraphs, simplicial complexes, building sets, and simple graphs. We highlight three applications: 1. We obtain uniform proofs of numerous old and new results about the Hopf algebraic and combinatorial structures of these families. In particular, we give the optimal formula for the antipode of graphs, posets, matroids, hypergraphs, and building sets, and we answer questions of Humpert--Martin and Rota. 2. We show that the reciprocity theorems of Stanley and Billera--Jia--Reiner on chromatic polynomials of graphs, order polynomials of posets, and BJR-polynomials of matroids are instances of the same reciprocity theorem for generalized permutahedra. 3. We explain why the formulas for the multiplicative and compositional inverses of power series are governed by the face structure of permutahedra and associahedra, respectively, answering a question of Loday. Along the way, we offer a combinatorial user's guide to Hopf monoids.

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arXiv2017

Monads on higher monoidal categories

We study the action of monads on categories equipped with several monoidal structures. We identify the structure and conditions that guarantee that the higher monoidal structure is inherited by the category of algebras over the monad. Monoidal monads and comonoidal monads appear as the base cases in this hierarchy. Monads acting on duoidal categories constitute the next case. We cover the general case of $n$-monoidal categories and discuss several naturally occurring examples in which $n\leq 3$.

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arXiv2015

The Heisenberg product: from Hopf algebras and species to symmetric functions

Many related products and coproducts (e.g. Hadamard, Cauchy, Kronecker, induction, internal, external, Solomon, composition, Malvenuto-Reutenauer, convolution, etc.) have been defined in the following objects : species, representations of the symmetric groups, symmetric functions, endomorphisms of graded connected Hopf algebras, permutations, non-commutative symmetric functions, quasi-symmetric functions, etc. With the purpose of simplifying and unifying this diversity we introduce yet, another -non graded- product the Heisenberg product, that for the highest and lowest degrees produces the classical external and internal products (and their namesakes in different contexts). In order to define it, we start from the two opposite more general extremes: species in the "commutative context", and endomorphisms of Hopf algebras in the "non-commutative" environment. Both specialize to the space of commutative symmetric functions where the definitions coincide. We also deal with the different coproducts that these objects carry -to which we add the Heisenberg coproduct for quasi-symmetric functions-, and study their Hopf algebra compatibility particularly for symmetric and non commutative symmetric functions. We obtain combinatorial formulas for the structure constants of the new product that extend, generalize and unify results due to Garsia, Remmel, Reutenauer and Solomon. In the space of quasi- symmetric functions, we describe explicitly the new operations in terms of alphabets.

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arXiv2014

The characteristic polynomial of the Adams operators on graded connected Hopf algebras

The Adams operators $Ψ_n$ on a Hopf algebra $H$ are the convolution powers of the identity of $H$. We study the Adams operators when $H$ is graded connected. They are also called Hopf powers or Sweedler powers. The main result is a complete description of the characteristic polynomial (both eigenvalues and their multiplicities) for the action of the operator $Ψ_n$ on each homogeneous component of $H$. The eigenvalues are powers of $n$. The multiplicities are independent of $n$, and in fact only depend on the dimension sequence of $H$. These results apply in particular to the antipode of $H$ (the case $n=-1$). We obtain closed forms for the generating function of the sequence of traces of the Adams operators. In the case of the antipode, the generating function bears a particularly simple relationship to the one for the dimension sequence. In case H is cofree, we give an alternative description for the characteristic polynomial and the trace of the antipode in terms of certain palindromic words. We discuss parallel results that hold for Hopf monoids in species and $q$-Hopf algebras.

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arXiv2014

The Steinberg torus of a Weyl group as a module over the Coxeter complex

Associated to each irreducible crystallographic root system $Φ$, there is a certain cell complex structure on the torus obtained as the quotient of the ambient space by the coroot lattice of $Φ$. This is the Steinberg torus. A main goal of this paper is to exhibit a module structure on (the set of faces of) this complex over the (set of faces of the) Coxeter complex of $Φ$. The latter is a monoid under the Tits product of faces. The module structure is obtained from geometric considerations involving affine hyperplane arrangements. As a consequence, a module structure is obtained on the space spanned by affine descent classes of a Weyl group, over the space spanned by ordinary descent classes. The latter constitute a subalgebra of the group algebra, the classical descent algebra of Solomon. We provide combinatorial models for the module of faces when $Φ$ is of type $A$ or $C$.

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arXiv2012

Generalized Hopf Modules for bimonads

Bruguières, Lack and Virelizier have recently obtained a vast generalization of Sweedler's Fundamental Theorem of Hopf modules, in which the role of the Hopf algebra is played by a bimonad. We present an extension of this result which involves, in addition to the bimonad, a comodule-monad and a algebra-comonoid over it. As an application we obtain a generalization of another classical theorem from the Hopf algebra literature, due to Schneider, which itself is an extension of Sweedler's result (to the setting of Hopf Galois extensions).

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arXiv2012

Hopf monoids from class functions on unitriangular matrices

We build, from the collection of all groups of unitriangular matrices, Hopf monoids in Joyal's category of species. Such structure is carried by the collection of class function spaces on those groups, and also by the collection of superclass function spaces, in the sense of Diaconis and Isaacs. Superclasses of unitriangular matrices admit a simple description from which we deduce a combinatorial model for the Hopf monoid of superclass functions, in terms of the Hadamard product of the Hopf monoids of linear orders and of set partitions. This implies a recent result relating the Hopf algebra of superclass functions on unitriangular matrices to symmetric functions in noncommuting variables. We determine the algebraic structure of the Hopf monoid: it is a free monoid in species, with the canonical Hopf structure. As an application, we derive certain estimates on the number of conjugacy classes of unitriangular matrices.

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arXiv2012

Hopf monoids in the category of species

A Hopf monoid (in Joyal's category of species) is an algebraic structure akin to that of a Hopf algebra. We provide a self-contained introduction to the theory of Hopf monoids in the category of species. Combinatorial structures which compose and decompose give rise to Hopf monoids. We study several examples of this nature. We emphasize the central role played in the theory by the Tits algebra of set compositions. Its product is tightly knit with the Hopf monoid axioms, and its elements constitute universal operations on connected Hopf monoids. We study analogues of the classical Eulerian and Dynkin idempotents and discuss the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt and Cartier-Milnor-Moore theorems for Hopf monoids.

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arXiv2012

On the Hadamard product of Hopf monoids

Combinatorial structures which compose and decompose give rise to Hopf monoids in Joyal's category of species. The Hadamard product of two Hopf monoids is another Hopf monoid. We prove two main results regarding freeness of Hadamard products. The first one states that if one factor is connected and the other is free as a monoid, their Hadamard product is free (and connected). The second provides an explicit basis for the Hadamard product when both factors are free. The first main result is obtained by showing the existence of a one-parameter deformation of the comonoid structure and appealing to a rigidity result of Loday and Ronco which applies when the parameter is set to zero. To obtain the second result, we introduce an operation on species which is intertwined by the free monoid functor with the Hadamard product. As an application of the first result, we deduce that the dimension sequence of a connected Hopf monoid satisfies the following condition: except for the first, all coefficients of the reciprocal of its generating function are nonpositive.

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arXiv2012

Lagrange's Theorem for Hopf Monoids in Species

Following Radford's proof of Lagrange's theorem for pointed Hopf algebras, we prove Lagrange's theorem for Hopf monoids in the category of connected species. As a corollary, we obtain necessary conditions for a given subspecies K of a Hopf monoid H to be a Hopf submonoid: the quotient of any one of the generating series of H by the corresponding generating series of K must have nonnegative coefficients. Other corollaries include a necessary condition for a sequence of nonnegative integers to be the sequence of dimensions of a Hopf monoid in the form of certain polynomial inequalities, and of a set-theoretic Hopf monoid in the form of certain linear inequalities. The latter express that the binomial transform of the sequence must be nonnegative.

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arXiv2011

Supercharacters, symmetric functions in noncommuting variables, and related Hopf algebras

We identify two seemingly disparate structures: supercharacters, a useful way of doing Fourier analysis on the group of unipotent uppertriangular matrices with coefficients in a finite field, and the ring of symmetric functions in noncommuting variables. Each is a Hopf algebra and the two are isomorphic as such. This allows developments in each to be transferred. The identification suggests a rich class of examples for the emerging field of combinatorial Hopf algebras.

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arXiv2008

Unital versions of the higher order peak algebras

We construct unital extensions of the higher order peak algebras defined by Krob and the third author in [Ann. Comb. 9 (2005), 411--430.], and show that they can be obtained as homomorphic images of certain subalgebras of the Mantaci-Reutenauer algebras of type B. This generalizes a result of Bergeron, Nyman and the first author [Trans. AMS 356 (2004), 2781--2824.].

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arXiv2007

Combinatorics of the free Baxter algebra

We study the free (associative, non-commutative) Baxter algebra on one generator. The first explicit description of this object is due to Ebrahimi-Fard and Guo. We provide an alternative description in terms of a certain class of trees, which form a linear basis for this algebra. We use this to treat other related cases, particularly that in which the Baxter map is required to be quasi-idempotent, in a unified manner. Each case corresponds to a different class of trees. Our main focus is on the underlying combinatorics. In several cases, we provide bijections between our various classes of trees and more familiar combinatorial objects including certain Schroeder paths and Motzkin paths. We calculate the dimensions of the homogeneous components of these algebras (with respect to a bidegree related to the number of nodes and the number of angles in the trees) and the corresponding generating series. An important feature is that the combinatorics is captured by the idempotent case; the others are obtained from this case by various binomial transforms. We also relate free Baxter algebras to Loday's dendriform trialgebras and dialgebras. We show that the free dendriform trialgebra (respectively, dialgebra) on one generator embeds in the free Baxter algebra with a quasi-idempotent map (respectively, with a quasi-idempotent map and an idempotent generator). This refines results of Ebrahimi-Fard and Guo.

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arXiv2006

The associative operad and the weak order on the symmetric groups

The associative operad is a certain algebraic structure on the sequence of group algebras of the symmetric groups. The weak order is a partial order on the symmetric group. There is a natural linear basis of each symmetric group algebra, related to the group basis by Mobius inversion for the weak order. We describe the operad structure on this second basis: the surprising result is that each operadic composition is a sum over an interval of the weak order. We deduce that the coradical filtration is an operad filtration. The Lie operad, a suboperad of the associative operad, sits in the first component of the filtration. As a corollary to our results, we derive a simple explicit expression for Dynkin's idempotent in terms of the second basis. There are combinatorial procedures for constructing a planar binary tree from a permutation, and a composition from a planar binary tree. These define set-theoretic quotients of each symmetric group algebra. We show that they are operad quotients of the associative operad. Moreover, the Hopf kernels of these quotient maps are suboperads of the associative operad.

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