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Marcelo Laca

Publications and source records attributed to Marcelo Laca.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2017

Equilibrium states and growth of quasi-lattice ordered monoids

Each multiplicative real-valued homomorphism on a quasi-lattice ordered monoid gives rise to a quasi-periodic dynamics on the associated Toeplitz C*-algebra; here we study the KMS equilibrium states of the resulting C*-dynamical system. We show that, under a nondegeneracy assumption on the homomorphism, there is a critical inverse temperature $β_c$ such that at each inverse temperature $β\geq β_c$ there exists a unique KMS state. Strictly above $β_c$, the KMS states are generalised Gibbs states with density operators determined by analytic extension to the upper half-plane of the unitaries implementing the dynamics. These are faithful Type~I states. The critical value $β_c$ is the largest real pole of the partition function of the system and is related to the clique polynomial and skew-growth function of the monoid, relative to the degree map given by the logarithm of the multiplicative homomorphism. Motivated by the study of equilibrium states, we give a proof of the inversion formula for the growth series of a quasi-lattice ordered monoid in terms of the clique polynomial as in recent work of Albenque--Nadeau and McMullen for the finitely generated case, and in terms of the skew-growth series as in recent work of Saito. Specifically, we show that $e^{-β_c}$ is the smallest pole of the growth series and thus is the smallest positive real root of the clique polynomial. We use this to show that equilibrium states in the subcritical range can only occur at inverse temperatures that correspond to roots of the clique polynomial in the interval $(e^{-β_c},1)$, but we are not aware of any examples in which such roots exist.

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arXiv2016

Equilibrium states on operator algebras associated to self-similar actions of groupoids on graphs

We consider self-similar actions of groupoids on the path spaces of finite directed graphs, and construct examples of such self-similar actions using a suitable notion of graph automaton. Self-similar groupoid actions have a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra and a Toeplitz algebra, both of which carry natural dynamics lifted from the gauge actions. We study the equilibrium states (the KMS states) on the resulting dynamical systems. Above a critical inverse temperature, the KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra are parametrised by the traces on the full $C^*$-algebra of the groupoid, and we describe a program for finding such traces. The critical inverse temperature is the logarithm of the spectral radius of the incidence matrix of the graph, and at the critical temperature the KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra factor through states of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. Under a verifiable hypothesis on the self-similar action, there is a unique KMS state on the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. We discuss an explicit method of computing the values of this KMS state, and illustrate with examples.

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arXiv2015

von Neuman algebras of strongly connected higher-rank graphs

We investigate the factor types of the extremal KMS states for the preferred dynamics on the Toeplitz algebra and the Cuntz--Krieger algebra of a strongly connected finite $k$-graph. For inverse temperatures above 1, all of the extremal KMS states are of type I$_\infty$. At inverse temperature 1, there is a dichotomy: if the $k$-graph is a simple $k$-dimensional cycle, we obtain a finite type I factor; otherwise we obtain a type III factor, whose Connes invariant we compute in terms of the spectral radii of the coordinate matrices and the degrees of cycles in the graph.

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arXiv2014

Equilibrium states on the Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of self-similar actions

We consider a family of Cuntz-Pimsner algebras associated to self-similar group actions, and their Toeplitz analogues. Both families carry natural dynamics implemented by automorphic actions of the real line, and we investigate the equilibrium states (the KMS states) for these dynamical systems. We find that for all inverse temperatures above a critical value, the KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra are given, in a very concrete way, by traces on the full group algebra of the group. At the critical inverse temperature, the KMS states factor through states of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra; if the self-similar group is contracting, then the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra has only one KMS state. We apply these results to a number of examples, including the self-similar group actions associated to integer dilation matrices, and the canonical self-similar actions of the basilica group and the Grigorchuk group.

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arXiv2014

KMS states on the C*-algebras of reducible graphs

We consider the dynamics on the C*-algebras of finite graphs obtained by lifting the gauge action to an action of the real line. Enomoto, Fujii and Watatani proved that if the vertex matrix of the graph is irreducible, then the dynamics on the graph algebra admits a single KMS state. We have previously studied the dynamics on the Toeplitz algebra, and explicitly described a finite-dimensional simplex of KMS states for inverse temperatures above a critical value. Here we study the KMS states for graphs with reducible vertex matrix, and for inverse temperatures at and below the critical value. We prove a general result which describes all the KMS states at a fixed inverse temperature, and then apply this theorem to a variety of examples. We find that there can be many patterns of phase transition, depending on the behaviour of paths in the underlying graph.

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arXiv2014

KMS states on the C*-algebra of a higher-rank graph and periodicity in the path space

We study the KMS states of the C*-algebra of a strongly connected finite k-graph. We find that there is only one 1-parameter subgroup of the gauge action that can admit a KMS state. The extreme KMS states for this preferred dynamics are parameterised by the characters of an abelian group that captures the periodicity in the infinite-path space of the graph. We deduce that there is a unique KMS state if and only if the k-graph C*-algebra is simple, giving a complete answer to a question of Yang. When the k-graph C*-algebra is not simple, our results reveal a phase change of an unexpected nature in its Toeplitz extension.

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arXiv2013

Bost-Connes systems, Hecke algebras, and induction

We consider a Hecke algebra naturally associated with the affine group with totally positive multiplicative part over an algebraic number field K and we show that the C*-algebra of the Bost-Connes system for K can be obtained from our Hecke algebra by induction, from the group of totally positive principal ideals to the whole group of ideals. Our Hecke algebra is therefore a full corner, corresponding to the narrow Hilbert class field, in the Bost-Connes C*-algebra of K; in particular, the two algebras coincide if and only if K has narrow class number one. Passing the known results for the Bost-Connes system for K to this corner, we obtain a phase transition theorem for our Hecke algebra. In another application of induction we consider an extension L/K of number fields and we show that the Bost-Connes system for L embeds into the system obtained from the Bost-Connes system for K by induction from the group of ideals in K to the group of ideals in L. This gives a C*-algebraic correspondence from the Bost-Connes system for K to that for L. Therefore the construction of Bost-Connes systems can be extended to a functor from number fields to C*-dynamical systems with equivariant correspondences as morphisms. We use this correspondence to induce KMS-states and we show that for beta>1 certain extremal KMS_beta-states for L can be obtained, via induction and rescaling, from KMS_{[L:K]beta}-states for K. On the other hand, for 0<beta\le1 every KMS_{[L:K]β}-state for K induces to an infinite weight.

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arXiv2012

KMS states on $C^*$-algebras associated to higher-rank graphs

Consider a higher-rank graph of rank k. Both the Cuntz-Krieger algebra and the Toeplitz-Cuntz-Krieger algebra of the graph carry natural gauge actions of the torus T^k, and restricting these gauge actions to one-parameter subgroups of T^k gives dynamical systems involving actions of the real line. We study the KMS states of these dynamical systems. We find that for large inverse temperatures β, the simplex of KMS_βstates on the Toeplitz-Cuntz-Krieger algebra has dimension d one less than the number of vertices in the graph. We also show that there is a preferred dynamics for which there is a critical inverse temperature β_c: for βlarger than β_c, there is a d-dimensional simplex of KMS states; when β=β_c and the one-parameter subgroup is dense, there is a unique KMS state, and this state factors through the Cuntz-Krieger algebra. As in previous studies for k=1, our main tool is the Perron-Frobenius theory for irreducible nonnegative matrices, though here we need a version of the theory for commuting families of matrices.

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arXiv2012

C*-algebras of Toeplitz type associated with algebraic number fields

We associate with the ring $R$ of algebraic integers in a number field a C*-algebra $\cT[R]$. It is an extension of the ring C*-algebra $\cA[R]$ studied previously by the first named author in collaboration with X.Li. In contrast to $\cA[R]$, it is functorial under homomorphisms of rings. It can also be defined using the left regular representation of the $ax+b$-semigroup $R\rtimes R^\times$ on $\ell^2 (R\rtimes R^\times)$. The algebra $\cT[R]$ carries a natural one-parameter automorphism group $(σ_t)_{t\in\Rz}$. We determine its KMS-structure. The technical difficulties that we encounter are due to the presence of the class group in the case where $R$ is not a principal ideal domain. In that case, for a fixed large inverse temperature, the simplex of KMS-states splits over the class group. The "partition functions" are partial Dedekind $ζ$-functions. We prove a result characterizing the asymptotic behavior of quotients of such partial $ζ$-functions, which we then use to show uniqueness of the $β$-KMS state for each inverse temperature $β\in(1,2]$.

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arXiv2012

KMS states on the C*-algebras of finite graphs

We consider a finite directed graph E, and the gauge action on its Toeplitz-Cuntz-Krieger algebra, viewed as an action of R. For inverse temperatures larger than a critical value β_c, we give an explicit construction of all the KMS_β states. If the graph is strongly connected, then there is a unique KMS_{β_c} state, and this state factors through the quotient map onto the C*-algebra C*(E) of the graph. Our approach is direct and relatively elementary.

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arXiv2011

Phase transition on Exel crossed products assocaited to dilation matrices

An integer matrix $A\in M_d(\Z)$ induces a covering $σ_A$ of $\T^d$ and an endomorphism $α_A:f\mapsto f\circ σ_A$ of $C(\T^d)$ for which there is a natural transfer operator $L$. In this paper, we compute the KMS states on the Exel crossed product $C(\T^d)\rtimes_{α_A,L}\N$ and its Toeplitz extension. We find that $C(\T^d)\rtimes_{α_A,L}\N$ has a unique KMS state, which has inverse temperature $β=\log|\det A|$. Its Toeplitz extension, on the other hand, exhibits a phase transition at $β=\log|\det A|$, and for larger $β$ the simplex of KMS$_β$ states is isomorphic to the simplex of probability measures on $\T^d$.

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arXiv2010

Type III_1 equilibrium states of the Toeplitz algebra of the affine semigroup over the natural numbers

We complete the analysis of KMS-states of the Toeplitz algebra of the affine semigroup over the natural numbers, recently studied by Raeburn and the first author, by showing that for every inverse temperature beta in the critical interval [1,2], the unique KMS_beta-state is of type III_1. We prove this by reducing the type classification from the Toeplitz algebra to that of the symmetric part of the Bost-Connes system, with a shift in inverse temperature. To carry out this reduction we first obtain a parametrization of the Nica spectrum of the Toeplitz algebra in terms of an adelic space. Combining a characterization of traces on crossed products due to the second author with an analysis of the action of the affine semigroup on the Nica spectrum, we can also recover all the KMS-states originally computed by Raeburn and the first author. Our computation sheds light on why there is a free transitive circle action on the extremal KMS_beta-states for beta>2 that does not ostensibly come from an action on the C*-algebra.

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arXiv2010

Boundary quotients of the Toeplitz algebra of the affine semigroup over the natural numbers

We study the Toeplitz algebra $\TT(\N\rtimes\N^\times)$ and three quotients of this algebra: the $C^*$-algebra $\qn$ recntly introduced by Cuntz, and two new ones, which we call the additive and multiplicative boundary quotients. These quotients are universal for Nica-covariant representations of $\N\rtimes\N^\times$ satisfying extra relations, and can be realised as partial crossed products. We use the structure theory for partial crossed products to prove a uniqueness theorem for the additive boundary quotient, and use the recent analysis of KMS states on $\TT(\nxnx)$ to describe the KMS states on the two quotients. We then show that $\TT(\nxnx)$, $\qn$ and our new quotients are all interesting new examples for Larsen's theory of Exel crossed products by semigroups.

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arXiv2009

Phase transition on the Toeplitz algebra of the affine semigroup over the natural numbers

We show that the group ${\mathbb Q \rtimes \mathbb Q^*_+}$ of orientation-preserving affine transformations of the rational numbers is quasi-lattice ordered by its subsemigroup ${\mathbb N \rtimes \mathbb N^\times}$. The associated Toeplitz $C^*$-algebra ${\mathcal T}({\mathbb N \rtimes \mathbb N^\times})$ is universal for isometric representations which are covariant in the sense of Nica. We give a presentation of this Toeplitz algebra in terms of generators and relations, and use this to show that the $C^*$-algebra ${\mathcal Q_\mathbb N}$ recently introduced by Cuntz is the boundary quotient of $({\mathbb Q \rtimes \mathbb Q^*_+}, {\mathbb N \rtimes \mathbb N^\times})$ in the sense of Crisp and Laca. The Toeplitz algebra ${\mathcal T}({\mathbb N \rtimes \mathbb N^\times})$ carries a natural dynamics $σ$, which induces the one considered by Cuntz on the quotient ${\mathcal Q_\mathbb N}$, and our main result is the computation of the KMS$_β$ (equilibrium) states of the dynamical system $({\mathcal T}({\mathbb N \rtimes \mathbb N^\times}), {\mathbb R},σ)$ for all values of the inverse temperature $β$. For $β\in [1, 2]$ there is a unique KMS$_β$ state, and the KMS$_1$ state factors through the quotient map onto ${\mathcal Q_\mathbb N}$, giving the unique KMS state discovered by Cuntz. At $β=2$ there is a phase transition, and for $β>2$ the KMS$_β$ states are indexed by probability measures on the circle. There is a further phase transition at $β=\infty$, where the KMS$_\infty$ states are indexed by the probability measures on the circle, but the ground states are indexed by the states on the classical Toeplitz algebra ${\mathcal T}(\mathbb N)$.

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arXiv2008

Hecke algebras from groups acting on trees and HNN extensions

We study Hecke algebras of groups acting on trees with respect to geometrically defined subgroups. In particular, we consider Hecke algebras of groups of automorphisms of locally finite trees with respect to vertex and edge stabilizers and the stabilizer of an end relative to a vertex stabilizer, assuming that the actions are sufficiently transitive. We focus on identifying the structure of the resulting Hecke algebras, give explicit multiplication tables of the canonical generators and determine whether the Hecke algebra has a universal C*-completion. The paper unifies past algebraic and analytic approaches by focusing on the common geometric thread.The results have implications for the general theory of totally disconnected locally compact groups.

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arXiv2007

On Bost-Connes type systems for number fields

We give a complete description of the phase transition of the Bost-Connes type systems for number fields recently introduced by Connes-Marcolli-Ramachandran and Ha-Paugam. We also introduce a notion of K-lattices and discuss an interpretation of these systems in terms of 1-dimensional K-lattices.

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arXiv2007

Hecke algebras of semidirect products and the finite part of the Connes-Marcolli C*-algebra

We study a C*-dynamical system arising from the ring inclusion of the 2\times 2 integer matrices in the rational ones. The orientation preserving affine groups of these rings form a Hecke pair that is closely related to a recent construction of Connes and Marcolli; our dynamical system consists of the associated reduced Hecke C*-algebra endowed with a canonical dynamics defined in terms of the determinant function. We show that the Schlichting completion also consists of affine groups of matrices, over the finite adeles, and we obtain results about the structure and induced representations of the Hecke C*-algebra. In a somewhat unexpected parallel with the one dimensional case studied by Bost and Connes, there is a group of symmetries given by an action of the finite integral ideles, and the corresponding fixed point algebra decomposes as a tensor product over the primes. This decomposition allows us to obtain a complete description of a natural class of equilibrium states which conjecturally includes all KMS_β-states for β\ne 0,1.

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