Attractors and Singular Limits for a Quintic Wave Equation with Nonlocal Kelvin--Voigt Damping
In this article, we consider an energy-critical quintic wave equation on a bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ with nonlinear and nonlocal Kelvin--Voigt damping of the form $-\|\nabla u_t\|_{L^2(Ω)}^αΔu_t$, where $α\in\mathbb{R}_+=[0,\infty)$. Under suitable hypotheses on the quintic source term, we establish the well-posedness of the problem and investigate its long-time dynamics in the natural energy space $\mathcal H=H_0^1(Ω)\times L^2(Ω)$. For every $α\in\mathbb{R}_+$, we show that the associated dynamical system $(\mathcal H,S^α(t))$ is gradient and dissipative, and we prove a stabilization estimate that yields asymptotic smoothness and, consequently, the existence of a compact global attractor $\mathcal A_α$. The same estimate provides an upper bound for the Kolmogorov $\varepsilon$-entropy of $\mathcal A_α$ and, in the limiting case $α=0$, reduces to a quasi-stability inequality, which implies that $\mathcal A_0$ has finite fractal dimension. Furthermore, we prove that the family $\{\mathcal A_α\}_{α\in\mathbb{R}_+}$ is uniformly bounded in the higher-regularity space $\mathcal H_1=(H^2(Ω)\cap H_0^1(Ω))\times H_0^1(Ω)$. Finally, we establish the upper semicontinuity of $\{\mathcal A_α\}_{α\in\mathbb{R}_+}$ at $α=0$, showing that the attractors associated with the nonlinear and nonlocal Kelvin--Voigt damping converge to the global attractor of the limiting problem with classical linear Kelvin--Voigt damping.