Realization of Einsteins Machian Program
The Einsteins Machian Program is here accomplished.
physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv subjects
Marcelo Samuel Berman
Publications and source records attributed to Marcelo Samuel Berman.
General Relativistic Treatment of the Pioneers Anomaly
We consider a General Relativistic generalized RW's metric,and find a field of Universal rotational global centripetal acceleration, numerically coincident with the value of the Pioneers Anomalous one.Related subjects are also treated.The rotation defined here is different from older frameworks, because we propose a Gaussian metric, whose tri-space rotates relative to the time orthogonal axis, globally.The present solution is "Machian", paralleling our previous semi-relativistic rotating solution (Berman,2007).
physics.gen-ph↗
Relativistic Cosmology and the Pioneers Anomaly
We specify the four kinds of rotational cosmologies that are avaliable in Theoretical Cosmology. NASA spacecrafts has suffered from three anomalies. The Pioneers spacecrafts were decelerated, and their spin when not disturbed, was declining. On the other hand, fly-bys for gravity assists, appeared with extra speeds, relative to infinity. The Pioneers and fly-by anomalies are given now exact general relativistic full general solutions, in a rotating expanding Universe.We cite new evidence on the rotation of the Universe. Our solution seems to be the only one that solves the three anomalies.
physics.gen-ph↗
On the Stability of Our Universe
We argue that the Robertson-Walker's Universe is a zero-energy stable one, even though it may possess a rotational state besides expansion.
physics.gen-ph↗
On the Creation of the Universe out of Nothing
We explain how the Universe was created with no expenditure of energy or initial mass.
gr-qc↗
Inflationary Lambda-Universe with Time Varying Fundamental Constants
Barrow, and Barrow and collaborators, have put forward theoretical models with variable fundamental constants including JBD theories. The experimental evidence for an accelerating Universe points out to a deceleration parameter approximately equal to -- 1. On the other hand, there is evidence for a time varying fine structure constant alpha . We have included the above results in a JBD cosmological model modified by J.D. Barrow by including a time varying speed of light, thus, finding an exponential inflationary phase with variables G, alpha and c . This means that the primordial value of alpha was exponentially larger than its present value. Planck`s time may not be then approximately 10 to the power - 43 s ; the same may happen to other Planck`s quantities. We found an exponentially time-decaying Cosmological term.
gr-qc↗
General Relativistic Singularity-Free Cosmological Model
We "explain", using a Classical approach, how the Universe was created out of "nothing", i.e., with no input of initial energy nor mass. The inflationary phase, with exponential expansion, is accounted for, automatically, by our equation of state for the very early Universe. This is a Universe with no-initial infinite singularity of energy density.
physics.gen-ph↗
Why the Initial Infinite Singularity of the Universe is Not There
We "explain", using a Classical approach, how the Universe was created out of "nothing", i.e., with no input of initial energy. This is a Universe with no-initial infinite singularity of energy density.
physics.gen-ph↗
On the Zero-energy Universe
We consider the energy of the Universe, from the pseudo-tensor point of view(Berman,1981). We find zero values, when the calculations are well-done.The doubts concerning this subject are clarified, with the novel idea that the justification for the calculation lies in the association of the equivalence principle, with the nature of co-motional observers, as demanded in Cosmology. In Section 4, we give a novel calculation for the zero-total energy result.
gr-qc↗
Gravitons, Dark Matter, and Classical Gravitation
We find that the quantum of gravity, the graviton, has time-varying mass (the gomidium), and radius (the somium); both vary with the inverse of R; and its frequency is given by Hubble's parameter. Dark matter can be made of such gravitons. The number of gravitons varies with R-squared . The Machian radiated power of the Universe leads us to a "correct" energy density for the gravitons as dark matter.
physics.gen-ph↗
Entropy of the Universe
After a discussion on several limiting cases where General Relativity turns into less sophisticated theories, we find that in the correct thermodynamical and cosmological weak field limit of Einstein's field equations the entropy of the Universe is R^(3/2) -- dependent, where R stands for the radius of the causally related Universe. Thus, entropy grows in the Universe, contrary to Standard Cosmology prediction.
physics.gen-ph↗
General Relativistic Machian Universe
The Machian Universe, is usually described with Newtonian Physics, We give an alternative General Relativistic picture for Mach's Universe. As such, we show that, in the correct Machian limit, Schwarzschild's metric is coherent with Robertson-Walker's, on condition that there be a cosmological constant, or the Universe's rotation -- or both. It is now confirmed that the Universe is accelerating, so the former condition applies. The latter was also confirmed one more time with the recently discovered NASA space probes anomalies. From Kerr-Lense-Thirring solution, we find an inverse scale-factor dependent angular speed; we then, show that the cosmological "constant" may have Classically originated from a centrifugal acceleration field.
physics.gen-ph↗
Rotation in a Generalised Dirac's Universe
The extension of Dirac's LNH to cover cosmological and fine-structure time-varying "constants", and the rotation of the Universe, is here analysed, including a "derivation" of the angular speed of the present Universe, and of the inflationary phase. Criticizable points on the present calculation, are clarified.
physics.gen-ph↗
On the Machian Origin of Inertia
We examine Sciama's inertia theory: we generalise it, by combining rotation and expansion in one unique model, we find the angular speed of the Universe, and we stress that the theory is zero-total-energy valued. We compare with other theories of the same null energy background. We determine the numerical value of a constant which appears in the Machian inertial force expression devised by Graneau and Graneau[2], by introducing the above angular speed. We point out that this last theory is not restricted to Newtonian physics as those authors stated but is, in fact, compatible with other cosmological and gravitational theories. An argument by Berry[7] is shown in order to "derive" Brans-Dicke relation in the present context.
physics.gen-ph↗
Pryce-Hoyle Tensor in a Combined Einstein-Cartan-Brans-Dicke Model
In addition to introducing matter injection through a scalar field determined by Pryce-Hoyle tensor, we also combine it with a BCDE (Brans-Dicke-Einstein-Cartan) theory with lambdaterm developed earlier by Berman(2008), for inflationary scenario. It involves a variable cosmological constant, which decreases with time, jointly with energy density, cosmic pressure, shear, vorticity, and Hubble's parameter, while the scale factor, total spin and scalar field increase exponentially. The post-inflationary fluid resembles a perfect one, though total spin grows, but not the angular speed (Berman, 2007d). The Pryce-Hoyle tensor, which can measured by the number of injected particles per unit proper volume and time, as well as shear and vorticity, can be neglected in the aftermath of inflation ("no-hair").
physics.gen-ph↗
Energy and Angular Momentum of Dilaton Black Holes
Following a prior paper, we review the results for the energy and angular momentum of a Kerr-Newman black hole, and then calculate the same properties for the case of a generalised rotating dilaton of the type derived, without rotation, by Garfinkle, Horowitz, and Strominger (1991; 1992). We show that there is, as far as it refers only to the energy and angular momentum, an interaction among the fields, so that, the gravitational and electromagnetic fields may be obscured by the strength of the scalar field.
physics.gen-ph↗
Gravitomagnetism and Angular Momenta of Black-Holes
We review the energy contents formulae of Kerr-Newman black-holes, where gravitomagnetic energy term comes to play(Berman, 2006; 2006a; 2004). Then, we obtain the angular momenta formulae, which include the gravitomagnetic effect. Three theorems can be enunciated: (1) No black-hole has its energy confined to its interior; (2) Rotating black-holes do not have confined angular momenta; (3) The energy density of a black-hole is not confined to its interior. The difference between our calculation and previous ones by Virbhadra(1990, 1990a, 1990b), and Aguirregabiria et al.(1996), lies in the fact that we include a term responsible for the self-gravitational energy, while the cited authors discarded such effect, which appears in the static black hole energy calculation.
physics.gen-ph↗
Shear and Vorticity in Inflationary Brans-Dicke Cosmology with Lambda-Term
We find a solution for exponential inflation in Brans-Dicke cosmology endowed with a cosmological term, which includes time-varying shear and vorticity. We find that the scalar field and the scale factor increase exponentialy while shear, vorticity, energy density, cosmic pressure and the cosmological term decay exponentialy for beta < 0, where beta is defined in the text.
physics.gen-ph↗