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Marco Garofalo

Publications and source records attributed to Marco Garofalo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Inclusive $\bar B_s\mapsto X_{\bar sc} \ell \bar \nu$ decays from lattice QCD: computational strategy and a first physical result

We present a strategy to compute the inclusive decay rate for the process $\bar B_s \mapsto X_{\bar sc} \ell \bar{\nu}$ from first principles in lattice QCD. The physical decay rate is obtained from the interpolation of non-perturbative lattice data, obtained at lighter than physical heavy meson masses ($M_{\bar B_s}^\mathrm{max}=4.3$GeV), with the Operator Product Expansion predictions, which become exact in the limit of infinitely heavy quarks. We also present a new method for the computation of the required lattice four-point correlators, which represents a considerable improvement over the state-of-the-art on the subject. We show the effectiveness of the strategy by performing the calculation on a subset of the available $n_f=2+1+1$ physical-point Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC) gauge ensembles. Our current determination of the inclusive decay rate has a 7% total error, that is dominated by uncertainties due to the relatively limited configuration ensembles considered herein, and can be significantly reduced in the near future.

hep-lat

The smeared $R$-ratio in isoQCD from first-principles lattice simulations

The $R$-ratio is a phenomenological observable of great relevance, both in itself and in applications such as the dispersive approach to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. It can be investigated from first-principles with controlled statistical and systematic errors in lattice QCD by introducing an arbitrary smearing kernel and employing spectral reconstruction techniques, such as the well-known Hansen-Lupo-Tantalo method. Improving upon a first study published in 2023, we show preliminary results using the correlation functions produced by ETMC in $N_f = 2+1+1$ lattice simulations at four lattice spacings, different volumes and with higher statistics w.r.t. our previous study. The new correlators, thanks to the implementation of the Low Mode Average technique, allow the determination of the $R$-ratio smeared with Gaussian kernels of widths down to $σ\sim 200$ with phenomenologically relevant precision.

hep-lat

An update on the HVP contribution to $g_μ{-}2$ in isoQCD from ETMC

We present an update on the determination of the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarisation contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in isospin-symmetric QCD by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration. The calculation is based on five $N_f = 2+1+1$ gauge ensembles generated with Wilson-clover twisted-mass quarks at maximal-twist and near-physical pion masses, spanning four lattice spacings and two volumes. For the dominant quark-connected contributions, we employ two distinct valence-quark regularisations and present results for both the isovector and isoscalar components.

hep-lat

A Comprehensive Stress Test of Truncated Hilbert Space Bases against Green's function Monte Carlo in U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory

A representation of Lattice Gauge Theories (LGT) suitable for simulations with tensor network state methods or with quantum computers requires a truncation of the Hilbert space to a finite dimensional approximation. In particular for U(1) LGTs, several such truncation schemes are known, which we compare with each other using tensor network states. We show that a functional basis obtained from single plaquette Hamiltonians -- which we call plaquette state basis -- outperforms the other schemes in two spatial dimensions for plaquette, ground state energy and mass gap, as it is delivering accurate results for a wide range of coupling strengths with a minimal number of basis states. We also show that this functional basis can be efficiently used in three spatial dimensions. Green's function Monte Carlo appears to be a highly useful tool to verify tensor network states results, which deserves further investigation in the future.

hep-lat

Emergence of the $\pi(1300)$ Resonance from Lattice QCD

The mass of the lightest hadron in nature, the pion, is one seventh of that of the nucleon and one tenth of the mass of its first excited state, the $\pi(1300)$. This enormous energy difference opens an interesting window into the confinement of quarks and the structure of the lightest hadrons. In this Letter, we provide the first calculation of resonance parameters of the $\pi(1300)$ from lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). For this purpose, recently derived state-of-the-art tools are adapted and applied both in the construction of three-hadron operators and for mapping finite-volume spectra to infinite-volume amplitudes, subsequently analytically continuing these to complex energies. For our heavy pion mass ensembles, we find a clear signal of the resonance. Making a simple assumption of vanishing pion mass dependence for the three-body force, but incorporating constraints from Chiral Perturbation Theory for all the two-body channels, enables a robust extrapolation to the physical point. Applying model averaging, we extract a pole position of $M_{\pi(1300)}=(1169\pm46)-i(62_{-62}^{+168})\,\MeV$ supporting values from phenomenology.

hep-lat

Inclusive semileptonic decays of the $D_s$ meson: A first-principles lattice QCD calculation

We present the results of a first-principles theoretical study of the inclusive semileptonic decays of the $D_s$ meson. We performed a state-of-the-art lattice QCD calculation using the gauge ensembles produced by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC) with dynamical light, strange and charm quarks with physical masses and employed the so-called Hansen-Lupo-Tantalo (HLT) method to extract the decay rate and the first two lepton-energy moments from the relevant Euclidean correlators. We have carefully taken into account all sources of systematic errors, including the ones associated with the continuum and infinite-volume extrapolations and with the HLT spectral reconstruction method. We obtained results in very good agreement with the currently available experimental determinations and with a total accuracy at the few-percent level, of the same order of magnitude of the experimental error. Our total error is dominated by the lattice QCD simulations statistical uncertainties and is certainly improvable. From the results presented and thoroughly discussed in this paper we conclude that it is nowadays possible to study heavy mesons inclusive semileptonic decays on the lattice at a phenomenologically relevant level of accuracy. The phenomenological implications of our physical results are the subject of a companion letter [1].

hep-lat

Inclusive semileptonic decays of the $D_{s}$ meson: Lattice QCD confronts experiments

We present the results of a first-principles theoretical study of the inclusive semileptonic decays of the $D_{s}$ meson. We performed a state-of-the-art lattice QCD calculation by taking into account all sources of systematic errors. A detailed discussion of our lattice calculation, demonstrating that inclusive semileptonic decays can nowadays be studied on the lattice at a phenomenologically relevant level of accuracy, is the subject of a companion paper [1]. Here we focus on the phenomenological implications of our results. Using the current best estimates of the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements, our theoretical predictions for the decay rate and for the first two lepton-energy moments are in very good agreement with the corresponding experimental measurements. We also argue that, while the inclusive $D_{s}$ channel is not yet competitive with the exclusive channels in the $|V_{cs}|$ determination, the situation can be significantly improved in the near future.

hep-lat

Dynamics in Hamiltonian Lattice Gauge Theory: Approaching the Continuum Limit with Partitionings of SU$(2)$

In this paper, we investigate a digitised SU$(2)$ lattice gauge theory in the Hamiltonian formalism. We use partitionings to digitise the gauge degrees of freedom and show how to define a penalty term based on finite element methods to project onto physical states of the system. Moreover, we show for a single plaquette system that in this framework the limit $g\to0$ can be approached at constant cost.

hep-lat

Smeared $R$-ratio in isospin symmetric QCD with Low Mode Averaging

Low Mode Average (LMA) is a technique to improve the quality of the signal-to-noise ratio in the long time separation of Euclidean correlation functions. We report on its beneficial impact in computing the vector-vector light connected two-point correlation functions and derived physical quantities in the mixed action lattice setup adopted by ETM collaboration. We focus on preliminary results of the computation within isospin symmetric QCD (isoQCD) of the $R$-ratio smeared with Gaussian kernels of widths down to $σ\sim250$ MeV, which is enough to appreciate the $ρ$ resonance around 770 MeV, using the Hansen-Lupo-Tantatlo (HLT) spectral-density reconstruction method.

hep-lat

Valence leading isospin breaking contributions to $a_μ^{\mathrm{HVP-LO}}$

By employing the RM123 approach to QCD+QED, we computed the valence quark-connected isospin-breaking corrections to the light, strange and charm contributions at leading order in $α_{\mathrm{em}}$ and $\left(μ_d-μ_u\right) / Λ_{\mathrm{QCD}}$. Here we report the preliminary results on two different volumes ($L \sim 3.8$ fm and $L \sim 5.1$ fm) and a fixed lattice spacing (corresponding to $a_{\text {isoQCD }} \sim 0.07951(4)$ fm), obtained in the framework of the ongoing computation by ETMC of the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_μ^{\mathrm{HVP}}$ in QCD+QED.

hep-lat

$ω$ meson from lattice QCD

Many excited states in the hadron spectrum have large branching ratios to three-hadron final states. Understanding such particles from first principles QCD requires input from lattice QCD with one-, two-, and three-meson interpolators as well as a reliable three-body formalism relating finite-volume spectra at unphysical pion mass values to the scattering amplitudes at the physical point. In this work, we provide the first-ever calculation of the resonance parameters of the $ω$ meson from lattice QCD, including an update of the formalism through matching to effective field theories. The main result of this pioneering study, the pole position of the $ω$ meson at $\sqrt{s_ω}= (778.0(11.2)-i\,3.0(5) )\,\mathrm{MeV}$, agrees reasonably well with experiment. In addition we provide an estimate of the $ω-ρ$ mass difference as $29(15)\,\mathrm{MeV}$.

hep-lat

Testing the $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ lattice Hamiltonian built from $S_3$ partitionings

We test a possible digitization of $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ lattice gauge theories based on partitionings of the sphere $S_3$. In our construction the link operators are unitary and diagonal, with eigenvalues determined by the vertices of the partitioning. The canonical momenta are finite difference operators approximating the Lie derivatives on the manifold. In this formalism we implement the standard Wilson Hamiltonian. We show results for a 2-site Schwinger-type model in 1D and a single-plaquette system in 2D. Our calculations are performed on a classical computer, though in principle they can be implemented also on a quantum device.

hep-lat

Canonical Momenta in Digitized SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory: Definition and Free Theory

Hamiltonian simulations of quantum systems require a finite-dimensional representation of the operators acting on the Hilbert space H. Here we give a prescription for gauge links and canonical momenta of an SU(2) gauge theory, such that the matrix representation of the former is diagonal in H. This is achieved by discretising the sphere $S_3$ isomorphic to SU(2) and the corresponding directional derivatives. We show that the fundamental commutation relations are fulfilled up to discretisation artefacts. Moreover, we directly construct the Casimir operator corresponding to the Laplace-Beltrami operator on $S_3$ and show that the spectrum of the free theory is reproduced again up to discretisation effects. Qualitatively, these results do not depend on the specific discretisation of SU(2), but the actual convergence rates do.

hep-lat

Probing the energy-smeared R-ratio on the lattice

We present a first-principles lattice QCD investigation of the $R$-ratio between the $e^+e^-$ cross-section into hadrons and that into muons. By using the method of Ref.[1], that allows to extract smeared spectral densities from Euclidean correlators, we compute the $R$-ratio convoluted with Gaussian smearing kernels of widths of about $600$ MeV and central energies from $220$ MeV up to $2.5$ GeV. Our theoretical results are compared with the corresponding quantities obtained by smearing the KNT19 compilation [2] of $R$-ratio experimental measurements with the same kernels and, by centring the Gaussians in the region around the $ρ$-resonance peak, a tension of about three standard deviations is observed. From the phenomenological perspective, we have not included yet in our calculation QED and strong isospin-breaking corrections and this might affect the observed tension. From the methodological perspective, our calculation demonstrates that it is possible to study the $R$-ratio in Gaussian energy bins on the lattice at the level of accuracy required in order to perform precision tests of the Standard Model.

hep-lat

Three-body resonances in the $φ^4$ theory

We study the properties of three-body resonances using a lattice complex scalar $φ^4$ theory with two scalars, with parameters chosen such that one heavy particle can decay into three light ones. We determine the two- and three-body spectra for several lattice volumes using variational techniques, and then analyze them with two versions of the three-particle finite-volume formalism: the Relativistic Field Theory approach and the Finite-Volume Unitarity approach. We find that both methods provide an equivalent description of the energy levels, and we are able to fit the spectra using simple parametrizations of the scattering quantities. By solving the integral equations of the corresponding three-particle formalisms, we determine the pole position of the resonance in the complex energy-plane and thereby its mass and width. We find very good agreement between the two methods at different values of the coupling of the theory.

hep-lat

Lattice calculation of the R-ratio smeared with Gaussian kernel

The ratio $R(E)$ of the cross-sections for $e^+e^-\to$ hadrons and $e^+e^-\to μ^+μ^-$ is a valuable energy-dependent probe of the hadronic sector of the Standard Model. Moreover, the experimental measurements of $R(E)$ are the inputs of the dispersive calculations of the leading hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon $g-2$ and these are in significant tension with direct lattice calculations and with the muon $g-2$ experiment. In this talk we discuss the results of our first-principles lattice study of $R(E)$. By using a recently proposed method for extracting smeared spectral densities from Euclidean lattice correlators, we have calculated $R(E)$ convoluted with Gaussian kernels of different widths $σ$ and central energies up to $2.5$ GeV. Our theoretical results have been compared with the KNT19 [1] compilation of experimental results smeared with the same Gaussian kernels and a tension (about three standard deviations) has been observed for $σ\sim 600$ MeV and central energies around the $ρ$-resonance peak.

hep-lat

Short \& intermediate distance HVP contributions to muon g-2: SM (lattice) prediction versus $e^+e^-$ annihilation data

We present new lattice results of the ETM Collaboration, obtained from extensive simulations of lattice QCD with dynamical up, down, strange and charm quarks at physical mass values, different volumes and lattice spacings, concerning the SM prediction for the so-called intermediate window (W) and short-distance (SD) contributions to the leading order hadronic vacuum polarization (LO-HVP) term of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_μ$. Results for $a_μ^{\rm LO-HVP,W}$ and $a_μ^{\rm LO-HVP,SD}$, besides representing a step forward to a complete lattice computation of $a_μ^{\rm LO-HVP}$ and a useful benchmark among lattice groups, are compared here with their dispersive counterparts based on experimental data for $e^+e^-$ into hadrons. The comparison confirms the tension in $a_μ^{\rm LO-HVP,W}$, already noted in 2020 by the BMW Collaboration, while showing no tension in $a_μ^{\rm LO-HVP,SD}$.

hep-ph

Disconnected contribution to the LO HVP term of muon g-2 from ETMC

We present a lattice determination of the disconnected contributions to the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the so-called short and intermediate time-distance windows. We employ gauge ensembles produced by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC) with $N_f = 2 + 1 + 1$ flavours of Wilson twisted-mass clover-improved quarks with masses approximately tuned to their physical value. We take the continuum limit employing three lattice spacings at about 0.08, 0.07 and 0.06 fm.

hep-lat