arXiv subjects

Marek Kutschera

Publications and source records attributed to Marek Kutschera.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2009

Shapiro effect for for relativistic particles - testing General Relativity in a new window

Propagation of relativistic particles in the Schwarzschild gravitational field is studied. Particles emitted radially outward with speed at infinity exceeding c/2^0.5 are observed to be accelerated in the gravitational field by a distant observer. This is the Shapiro effect for relativistic particles. Slower particles are decelerated, as in Newtonian gravity. A speed-dependent potential for relativistic particles corresponding to the speed measured in terms of the coordinate time is derived to be $V=GM gamma(gamma^2 -2)/r which is repulsive for v>c/2^0.5. The gravitational repulsion could be revealed in satellite experiments with beams of relativistic particles subject to very precise time measurements. Principles of laboratory measurements able to test kinetic energy changes of relativistic particles in the Earth gravitational field are discussed.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2008

On the axisymmetric thin disk model of flattened galaxies

Non-monotonic features of rotation curves, and also the related gravitational effects typical of thin disks -- like backward-reaction or amplification of rotation by negative surface density gradients -- which are characteristic imprints of disk-like mass distributions, are discussed in the axisymmetric thin disk model. The influence of the data cutoff in rotational velocity measurements on the determination of the mass distribution in flattened galaxies is studied. It has also been found that the baryonic matter distribution in the spiral galaxy NGC 5475, obtained in the axisymmetric thin disk approximation, accounts for the rotation curve of the galaxy. To obtain these results, the iteration method developed recently by the authors has been applied.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2008

Is dark matter present in NGC4736? An iterative spectral method for finding mass distribution in spiral galaxies

An iterative method for reconstructing mass distribution in spiral galaxies using a thin disk approximation is developed. As an example, the method is applied to galaxy NGC 4736; its rotation curve does not allow one to employ a model with a massive spherical halo. We find a global mass distribution in this galaxy (without non-baryonic dark matter) that agrees perfectly with the high resolution rotation curve of the galaxy. This mass distribution is consistent with the $I$-band luminosity profile with the mean mass-to-light ratio $M/L_I=1.2$, and also agrees with the amount of hydrogen observed in the outermost regions of the galaxy. We predict the total mass of the galaxy to be only $3.43\times10^{10}M_{\sun}$. It is very close to the value predicted by the modified gravity models and much less than the currently accepted value of $5.0\times10^{10}M_{\sun}$ (with $\approx70%$ of the mass in a dark matter halo).

astro-ph↗

arXiv2007

van Stockum--Bonnor Spacetimes of Rigidly Rotating Dust

Stationary, axisymmetric and asymptotically flat spacetimes of dust of which trajectories are integral curves of the time translation Killing vector are investigated. The flow has no Newtonian limit. Asymptotic flatness implies the existence of singularities of the curvature scalar that are distributions and that are not isolated from regularity regions of the flow. The singularities are closely related to the presence of additional stresses that contribute negative active mass to the total (Komar) mass, which is zero for asymptotically flat spacetimes. Several families of solutions are constructed and a multipole expansion is presented.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2006

The Influence of External UV Radiation Field on Primordial Gas Clouds: Formulation of the Problem

Our goal is to study the effects of the UV radiation from the first stars, quasars and decays of the hypothetical Super Heavy Dark Matter (SHDM) particles on the formation of primordial bound objects in the Universe. We trace the evolution of a spherically symmetric density perturbation in the Lambda Cold Dark Matter ($Λ$CDM) and MOND models, solving the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation, non-equilibrium chemistry, and one-dimensional gas hydrodynamics. We concentrate on the destruction and formation processes of the H$_2$ molecule, which is the main coolant in the primordial objects.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2006

Collapse of the Primordial Gas Clouds in the Presence of UV Radiation Field

Our goal is to study the effects of the UV radiation from the first stars, quasars and hypothetical Super Heavy Dark Matter (SHDM) particle decays on the formation of primordial bound objects in the Universe. We trace the evolution of a spherically symmetric density perturbation in the Lambda Cold Dark Matter and MOND model, solving the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation, non-equilibrium chemistry, and one-dimensional gas hydrodynamics. We concentrate on the destruction and formation processes of the $H_{2}$ molecule, which is the main coolant in the primordial objects.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2006

A class of space-times of non-rigidly rotating dust

We find a class of exact solutions of differentially rotating dust in the framework of General Relativity. There exist asymptotically flat space-times of the flow with positive mass function that for radii sufficiently large is monotonic and tends to zero at infinity. Some of the space-times may have non-vanishing total angular momentum. The flow is essentially different from another exactly solvable flow described by van Stockum line element.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2004

The end of the Dark Ages in MOND

We study the evolution of a spherically symmetric density perturbation in the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) model applied to the net acceleration over Hubble flow. The background cosmological model is a $Λ$-dominated, low-$Ω_b$ Friedmann model with no Cold Dark Matter. We include thermal processes and non-equilibrium chemical evolution of the collapsing gas. We find that under these assumptions the first low-mass objects ($M \le 3\times 10^4 M_{\odot}$) may collapse already for $z\sim 30$, which is in quite good agreement with the recent WMAP results. A lower value of $a_0$ would lead to much slower collapse of such objects.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

The First Compact Objects in the $Λ$-dominated Universe

We calculate the evolution of a low-mass ($M \le 10^5 M_{\odot}$) spherically symmetric density perturbation in the $Ω_b h^2=0.02$, $Ω_M =0.35$, $Ω_Λ=0.65$, $h=0.72$ Universe. The results are compared with the ones that assume no cosmological constant and the flat, dark matter dominated Universe. We include thermal processes and non-equilibrium chemical evolution of the collapsing gas. We find that direct formation of bound objects with such masses by $z=8$ is unlikely so in fact they may form only through fragmentation of greater objects. This is in stark contrast to the $Ω=1$ pure CDM cosmology, where low-mass objects form abundantly at redshits $z>10$.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2001

The first compact objects in the MOND model

We trace the evolution of a spherically symmetric density perturbation in the MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) model. The background cosmological model is a $Λ$-dominated, low-$Ω_b$ Friedmann model with no Cold Dark Matter. We include thermal processes and non-equilibrium chemical evolution of the collapsing gas. We find that the first density perturbations which collapse to form luminous objects have mass $\sim 10^5 M_{\odot}$. The time of the final collapse of these objects depends mainly on the value of the MOND acceleration $a_0$ and also on the baryon density $Ω_b$. For the "standard" value $a_0=1.2\times 10^{-8}$ cm/s$^2$ the collapse starts at redshift $z \sim 160$ for $Ω_b=0.05$ and $z \sim 110$ for $Ω_b=0.02$.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1998

Neutron Stars: Formation and Structure

A short introduction is given to astrophysics of neutron stars and to physics of dense matter in neutron stars. Observed properties of astrophysical objects containing neutron stars are discussed. Current scenarios regarding formation and evolution of neutron stars in those objects are presented. Physical principles governing the internal structure of neutron stars are considered with special emphasis on the possible spin ordering in the neutron star matter.

astro-ph↗

arXiv1996

Hadron Physics and the Structure of Neutron Stars

The equation of state of hadronic matter in neutron stars is briefly reviewed. Uncertainties regarding the stiffness and composition of hadronic matter are discussed. Importance of poorly known short range interactions of nucleons and hyperons is emphasized. Condensation of meson fields and the role of subhadronic degrees of freedom is considered. Empirical constraints on the equation of state emerging from observations of neutron stars are discussed. Implications of possible black hole remnant of SN1987A for the equation of state are also discussed.

astro-ph↗