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Maria Girardi

Publications and source records attributed to Maria Girardi.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

Continuous nowhere differentiable multivariate functions

Let $U$ be an open set in $\mathbb{R}^d$. A continuous function $f\colon U \to \mathbb{R}$ is strongly nowhere differentiable if and only if for each $\gamma\in(0,1]$ and for each unit speed $C^{1,\gamma}$ curve $c\colon [a,b] \to U$, the composition $f\circ c \colon [a,b] \to \mathbb{R}$ is nowhere differentiable on $(a,b)$. For bounded $U$, let $\overline U$ be the closure of $U$ and $C(\overline U)$ be the Banach space of continuous real-valued functions on $\overline U$ with the sup norm. Theorem. In the sense of the Baire category theorem, almost every $f\in C(\overline U)$ is strongly nowhere differentiable on $U$.

math.CA

Deep learning for structural health monitoring: An application to heritage structures

Thanks to recent advancements in numerical methods, computer power, and monitoring technology, seismic ambient noise provides precious information about the structural behavior of old buildings. The measurement of the vibrations produced by anthropic and environmental sources and their use for dynamic identification and structural health monitoring of buildings initiated an emerging, cross-disciplinary field engaging seismologists, engineers, mathematicians, and computer scientists. In this work, we employ recent deep learning techniques for time-series forecasting to inspect and detect anomalies in the large dataset recorded during a long-term monitoring campaign conducted on the San Frediano bell tower in Lucca. We frame the problem as an unsupervised anomaly detection task and train a Temporal Fusion Transformer to learn the normal dynamics of the structure. We then detect the anomalies by looking at the differences between the predicted and observed frequencies.

eess.SP

The natural frequencies of masonry beams

The present paper aims at analytically evaluating the natural frequencies of cracked slender masonry elements. The problem is dealt with in the framework of linear perturbation, and the small oscillations of the structure are studied under loaded conditions, after the equilibrium for permanent loads has been achieved. A masonry beam element made of masonry-like material is considered, and some explicit expressions of the beam's fundamental frequency as a function of the external loads and the amplitude of imposed deformations are derived. The analytical results are validated via finite-element analysis.

cs.CE

A finite element model updating method based on global optimization

Finite element model updating of a structure made of linear elastic materials is based on the solution of a minimization problem. The goal is to find some unknown parameters of the finite element model (elastic moduli, mass densities, constraints and boundary conditions) that minimize an objective function which evaluates the discrepancy between experimental and numerical dynamic properties. The objective function depends nonlinearly on the parameters and may have multiple local minimum points. This paper presents a numerical method able to find a global minimum point and assess its reliability. The numerical method has been tested on two simulated examples - a masonry tower and a domed temple - and validated via a generic genetic algorithm and a global sensitivity analysis tool. A real case study monitored under operational conditions has also been addressed, and the structure's experimental modal properties have been used in the model updating procedure to estimate the mechanical properties of its constituent materials.

cs.CE

Ambient vibrations of age-old masonry towers: results of long-term dynamic monitoring in the historic centre of Lucca

The paper presents the results of an ambient vibration monitoring campaign conducted on so-called Clock Tower (Torre delle Ore), one the best known and most visited monuments in the historic centre of Lucca. The vibrations of the tower were continuously monitored from November 2017 to March 2018 using high-sensitivity instrumentation. In particular, four seismic stations provided by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and two three-axial accelerometers developed by AGI S.r.l., spin-off of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, were installed on the tower. The measured vibration level was generally very low, since the structure lies in the middle of a limited traffic area. Nevertheless, the availability of two different types of highly sensitive and accurate instruments allowed the authors to follow the dynamic behaviour of the tower during the entire monitoring period and has moreover provided cross-validation of the results.

eess.SP

Finite element model updating for structural applications

A novel method for performing model updating on finite element models is presented. The approach is particularly tailored to modal analyses of buildings, by which the lowest frequencies, obtained by using sensors and system identification approaches, need to be matched to the numerical ones predicted by the model. This is done by optimizing some unknown material parameters (such as mass density and Young's modulus) of the materials and/or the boundary conditions, which are often known only approximately. In particular, this is the case when considering historical buildings. The straightforward application of a general-purpose optimizer can be impractical, given the large size of the model involved. In the paper, we show that, by slightly modifying the projection scheme used to compute the eigenvalues at the lowest end of the spectrum one can obtain local parametric reduced order models that, embedded in a trust-region scheme, form the basis for a reliable and efficient specialized algorithm. We describe an optimization strategy based on this approach, and we provide numerical experiments that confirm its effectiveness and accuracy.

math.NA

Modal Analysis of Masonry Structures

This paper presents a new numerical procedure for evaluating the vibration frequencies and mode shapes of masonry buildings in the presence of cracks. The algorithm has been implemented within the NOSA-ITACA code, which models masonry as a nonlinear elastic material with zero tensile strength. Some case studies are reported, and the differences between linear and nonlinear behavior highlighted.

cs.CE

Geometry of Banach spaces and biorthogonal systems

A separable Banach space X contains $\ell_1$ isomorphically if and only if X has a bounded wc_0^*-stable biorthogonal system. The dual of a separable Banach space X fails the Schur property if and only if X has a bounded wc_0^*-biorthogonal system.

math.FA

On Various Modes of Scalar Convergence in L_0(X)

A sequence $\{f_n\}$ of strongly-measurable functions taking values in a Banach space $\X$ is scalarly null aė\. (resp. scalarly null in measure) if $x^*f_n \rightarrow0$ aė\. (resp. $x^*f_n \rightarrow 0$ in measure) for every $x^*\in \X^*$. Let $1\le p\le \infty$. The main questions addressed in this paper are whether an $L_p(\X)$-bounded sequence that is scalarly null aė\. will converge weakly aė\. (or have a subsequence which converges weakly aė\.), and whether an $L_p(\X)$-bounded sequence that is scalarly null in measure will have a subsequence that is scalarly null aė. The answers to these and other similar questions depend upon $p$ and upon the geometry of $\X$.

math.FA

Universal Non-Completely-Continuous Operators

A bounded linear operator between Banach spaces is called {\it completely continuous} if it carries weakly convergent sequences into norm convergent sequences. Isolated is a universal operator for the class of non-completely-continuous operators from $L_1$ into an arbitrary Banach space, namely, the operator from $L_1$ into $\ell_\infty$ defined by $$ T_0 (f) =\left( \int r_n f \, dμ\right)_{n\ge 0} \ , $$ where $r_n$ is the $n^{\text{th}}$ Rademacher function. It is also shown that there does not exist a universal operator for the class of non-completely-continuous operators between two arbitrary Banach space. The proof uses the factorization theorem for weakly compact operators and a Tsirelson-like space.

math.FA

Nowhere Weak Differentiability of the Pettis Integral

For an arbitrary infinite-dimensional Banach space $\X$, we construct examples of strongly-measurable $\X$-valued Pettis integrable functions whose indefinite Pettis integrals are nowhere weakly differentiable; thus, for these functions the Lebesgue Differentiation Theorem fails rather spectacularly. We also relate the degree of nondifferentiability of the indefinite Pettis integral to the cotype of $\X$, from which it follows that our examples are reasonably sharp. This is an expanded version of a previously posted paper with the same name.

math.FA

From weak to strong types of $L_E^1$-convergence by the Bocce-criterion

Necessary and sufficient oscillation conditions are given for a weakly convergent sequence (resp. relatively weakly compact set) in the Bochner-Lebesgue space $\l1$ to be norm convergent (resp. relatively norm compact), thus extending the known results for $\rl1$. Similarly, necessary and sufficient oscillation conditions are given to pass from weak to limited (and also to Pettis-norm) convergence in $\l1$. It is shown that tightness is a necessary and sufficient condition to pass from limited to strong convergence. Other implications between several modes of convergence in $\l1$ are also studied.

math.FA

The Complete Continuity Property and Finite Dimensional Decompositions

A Banach space $\X$ has the complete continuity property (CCP) if each bounded linear operator from $L_1$ into $\X$ is completely continuous (i.e., maps weakly convergent sequences to norm convergent sequences). The main theorem shows that a Banach space failing the CCP (resp., failing the CCP and failing cotype) has a subspace with a finite dimensional decomposition (resp., basis) which fails the CCP.

math.FA